---
title: Identify the means by which the platypus detects its prey beneath th… — Animals of Australia and New Zealand:… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the means by which the platypus detects its prey beneath the water. Exam question 2 of lesson 79 «Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos, koalas, wombats, kiwis» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each opti
---

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# Exam question 2 · Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos, koalas, w…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the means by which the platypus detects its prey beneath the water.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, the, platypus · **What happens:** identify, mean, detect · **To what, where:** prey

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 79 «Animals of Australia and New Zealand: kangaroos, koalas, wombats, kiwis» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/79-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:79-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand:e2:1
# text = Identify the means by which the platypus detects its prey beneath the water.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	platypus	platypus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	detects	detect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present | the |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **detect** | present | the platypus | platypus's prey |  |  |  | beneath the water | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer prey=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By hearing, its ears remaining open beneath the water

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:79-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand:e2:o1:1
# text = By hearing, its ears remaining open beneath the water
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	hearing	hearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	appos	_	_
6	remaining	remain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | gerund | hearing's ears *not said here* |  |  | the water |  | open *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beneath water=Location |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By sensing minute electrical signals with its bill

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:79-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand:e2:o2:1
# text = By sensing minute electrical signals with its bill
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	sensing	sense	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	electrical	electrical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	signals	signal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	bill	bill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sense** | gerund |  | electrical signals |  |  | minute | with its bill | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer signal=Stimulus |
| 2 | **bill** |  | its *= it* |  |  |  |  |  | nom bill «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By the sense of smell, its nostrils remaining open

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:79-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand:e2:o3:1
# text = By the sense of smell, its nostrils remaining open
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	nostrils	nostril	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
9	remaining	remain	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | gerund | smell's nostrils *not said here* |  |  |  |  | open *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **sense** |  |  | smell |  |  |  |  | nom sense «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By sight, its eyes remaining fully open beneath the water

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:79-animals-of-australia-and-new-zealand:e2:o4:1
# text = By sight, its eyes remaining fully open beneath the water
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	remaining	remain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	fully	fully	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | gerund | sight's eyes |  |  |  |  | by sight; open *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by sight=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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