---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — The big cats house: lions and tigers u… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the division of labour within a wild lion pride? Exam question 3 of lesson 81 «The big cats house: lions and tigers up close» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of
---

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# Exam question 3 · The big cats house: lions and tigers up close

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the division of labour within a wild lion pride?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** division

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 81 «The big cats house: lions and tigers up close» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/81-big-cats-house-lions-and-tigers/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:81-big-cats-house-lions-and-tigers:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the division of labour within a wild lion pride?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	division	division	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	labour	labour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	within	within	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	pride	pride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the division of labour |  |  |  | of the following statements; within a wild lion pride; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hunting is undertaken solely by the cubs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:81-big-cats-house-lions-and-tigers:e3:o1:1
# text = Hunting is undertaken solely by the cubs
1	Hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	undertaken	undertake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cubs	cub	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **undertake** | present · passive | the cubs | Hunting |  |  |  | solely *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Eventuality |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The male conducts all hunting whilst the lionesses remain with the cubs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:81-big-cats-house-lions-and-tigers:e3:o2:1
# text = The male conducts all hunting whilst the lionesses remain with the cubs
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	male	male	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	conducts	conduct	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	whilst	whilst	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lionesses	lioness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	remain	remain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cubs	cub	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conduct** | present | the male | all hunting |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hunting=Theme |
| 2 | **remain** | present | the lionesses |  |  |  |  | with the cubs | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each member hunts exclusively for itself

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:81-big-cats-house-lions-and-tigers:e3:o3:1
# text = Each member hunts exclusively for itself
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	member	member	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hunts	hunt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | present | each member |  |  |  |  | for member; exclusively *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent for itself=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lionesses conduct most hunting; the male defends the territory

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:81-big-cats-house-lions-and-tigers:e3:o4:1
# text = The lionesses conduct most hunting; the male defends the territory
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lionesses	lioness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	conduct	conduct	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	5	advmod	_	_
5	hunting	hunting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	male	male	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	defends	defend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	territory	territory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conduct** | present | the lionesses | hunting |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hunting=Theme |
| 2 | **defend** | present | the male | the territory |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent territory=Beneficiary |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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