---
title: Identify the principal threat to the survival of wild orangutans. — The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bo… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal threat to the survival of wild orangutans. Exam question 1 of lesson 85 «The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice wa
---

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# Exam question 1 · The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes t…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal threat to the survival of wild orangutans.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, survive · **To what, where:** principal threat, wild orangutans

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 85 «The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal threat to the survival of wild orangutans.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	threat	threat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	survival	survival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	orangutans	orangutan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal threat |  |  |  | to the survival of wild orangutans | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent threat=Theme to survival=be' |
| 2 | **survive** |  |  | wild orangutans |  |  |  |  | nom survival «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The clearance of their forests, largely for palm oil

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:e1:o1:1
# text = The clearance of their forests, largely for palm oil
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	clearance	clearance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	largely	largely	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	palm	palm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The consumption of excessive quantities of fruit

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:e1:o2:1
# text = The consumption of excessive quantities of fruit
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	consumption	consumption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	excessive	excessive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	quantities	quantity	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consume** |  |  | excessive quantities of fruit |  |  |  |  | nom consumption «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coldness of the winters on Sumatra

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:e1:o3:1
# text = The coldness of the winters on Sumatra
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coldness	coldness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	winters	winter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Sumatra	Sumatra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Predation by lions upon the island of Borneo

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:e1:o4:1
# text = Predation by lions upon the island of Borneo
1	Predation	predation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Borneo	Borneo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **predate** |  | lions |  |  |  |  | upon the island of Borneo | nom predation «act transitive»: by=agent upon=obl |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ↑ back to [The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos/)