---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bo… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the conduct of bonobo groups? Exam question 2 of lesson 85 «The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of e
---

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# Exam question 2 · The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes t…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the conduct of bonobo groups?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, conduct · **To what, where:** conduct, bonobo groups

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 85 «The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the conduct of bonobo groups?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	conduct	conduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	bonobo	bonobo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the conduct of bonobo groups |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **conduct** |  |  | bonobo groups |  |  |  |  | nom conduct «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They resolve disputes exclusively by vocal duets

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:e2:o1:1
# text = They resolve disputes exclusively by vocal duets
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	resolve	resolve	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	disputes	dispute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	vocal	vocal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	duets	duet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resolve** | present | They | disputes |  |  |  | by vocal duets; exclusively *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are led by a single dominant male who resolves disputes by combat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:e2:o2:1
# text = They are led by a single dominant male who resolves disputes by combat
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	dominant	dominant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	male	male	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	resolves	resolve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	disputes	dispute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	combat	combat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | present · passive | a single dominant male | They |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **resolve** | present | a single dominant male | disputes |  |  |  | by combat | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are led by females and resolve disputes through hugging and grooming

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:e2:o3:1
# text = They are led by females and resolve disputes through hugging and grooming
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	females	female	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	resolve	resolve	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	disputes	dispute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	through	through	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	hugging	hug	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	grooming	groom	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | present · passive | females | They |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **resolve** | present | females *not said here* | disputes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **hug** | gerund | females *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn marry-36.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **groom** | gerund | females *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn groom-41.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each bonobo lives in solitude

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:e2:o4:1
# text = Each bonobo lives in solitude
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	bonobo	bonobo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	solitude	solitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | each bonobo |  |  | solitude |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in solitude=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bo…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos/e1/)
- next →: [The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bo…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos/e3/)
- ↑ back to [The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos/)