---
title: Determine what is demonstrated by an animal that, upon seeing a mark… — The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bo… · tree and pragmatics
description: Determine what is demonstrated by an animal that, upon seeing a mark on its face in a mirror, touches that mark upon its own body. Exam question 4 of lesson 85 «The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree an
---

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# Exam question 4 · The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes t…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Determine what is demonstrated by an animal that, upon seeing a mark on its face in a mirror, touches that mark upon its own body.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, animal, touches · **What happens:** determine, demonstrate, see, mark · **To what, where:** mark, face, own body

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 85 «The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:e4:1
# text = Determine what is demonstrated by an animal that, upon seeing a mark on its face in a mirror, touches that mark upon its own body.
1	Determine	determine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	ccomp	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:agent	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	mirror	mirror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	touches	touch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
22	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	mark	mark	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
24	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
26	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **demonstrate** | present · passive | a animal |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Topic |
| 3 | **see** | gerund | a animal | a mark |  | mark's face |  | in a mirror and touches | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mark=Stimulus |
| 4 | **mark** | present | touches |  |  | mark's own body |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent upon body=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That it believes the reflection to be another animal

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:e4:o1:1
# text = That it believes the reflection to be another animal
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	believes	believe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	reflection	reflection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
8	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | That | the reflection |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer reflection=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive | That *not said here* | another animal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That it apprehends the reflection to be itself

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:e4:o2:1
# text = That it apprehends the reflection to be itself
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	apprehends	apprehend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	reflection	reflection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
8	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **apprehend** | present | That | the reflection |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer reflection=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | reflection |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That it wishes to remove the mirror

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:e4:o3:1
# text = That it wishes to remove the mirror
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	nsubj	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wishes	wish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	remove	remove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mirror	mirror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wish** | present | That |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **remove** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | That *not said here* | the mirror |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mirror=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That it is incapable of perceiving colour

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:e4:o4:1
# text = That it is incapable of perceiving colour
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	incapable	incapable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	perceiving	perceive	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | That |  |  |  |  | incapable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **perceive** | gerund | That *not said here* | colour |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer colour=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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