---
title: A cartoon gorilla says whole sentences to its keeper. What is closes… — The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bo… · tree and pragmatics
description: A cartoon gorilla says whole sentences to its keeper. What is closest to the truth? Test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 85 «The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; 
---

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# Test 10 · ★★★ · The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes t…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cartoon gorilla says whole sentences to its keeper. What is closest to the truth?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** cartoon gorilla · **What happens:** say, be · **To what, where:** whole sentences, keeper · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 · ★★★ of lesson 85 «The ape house: orangutans, gibbons, bonobos and how apes think» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos/#t10).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A cartoon gorilla says whole sentences to its keeper.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:t10:1
# text = A cartoon gorilla says whole sentences to its keeper.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	gorilla	gorilla	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sentences	sentence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	keeper	keeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a cartoon gorilla | whole sentences | gorilla's keeper |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent sentence=Topic to keeper=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is closest to the truth?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:t10:2
# text = What is closest to the truth?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to the truth; close *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some apes learned many signs, but scientists argue if it is language

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:t10:o1:1
# text = Some apes learned many signs, but scientists argue if it is language
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	apes	ape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	argue	argue	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | some apes | many signs |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sign=Topic |
| 2 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | present | scientists |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | it | language |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gorillas really do speak words, but quietly and only to their own keepers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:t10:o2:1
# text = Gorillas really do speak words, but quietly and only to their own keepers
1	Gorillas	gorilla	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	really	really	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	quietly	quietly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
10	only	only	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	keepers	keeper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · do-support | Gorillas | words |  |  |  | quietly *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All apes can talk but choose not to

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:t10:o3:1
# text = All apes can talk but choose not to
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	apes	ape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	choose	choose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	fixed	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | can | all apes |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **choose** | infinitive | all apes *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Apes understand no signs at all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:85-ape-house-orangutans-gibbons-bonobos:t10:o4:1
# text = Apes understand no signs at all
1	Apes	ape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	understand	understand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	signs	sign	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | present | Apes | no signs |  | all |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer sign=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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