---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — The monkey house and the lemurs of Mad… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the social organisation of the ring-tailed lemur? Exam question 2 of lesson 86 «The monkey house and the lemurs of Madagascar» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and o
---

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# Exam question 2 · The monkey house and the lemurs of Madagascar

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the social organisation of the ring-tailed lemur?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, tail · **To what, where:** social organisation

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 86 «The monkey house and the lemurs of Madagascar» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/86-monkey-house-and-lemurs-of-madagascar/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:86-monkey-house-and-lemurs-of-madagascar:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the social organisation of the ring-tailed lemur?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	social	social	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	organisation	organisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
14	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	tailed	tail	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	lemur	lemur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the social organisation of the tailed lemur |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **tail** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each lemur lives in solitude

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:86-monkey-house-and-lemurs-of-madagascar:e2:o1:1
# text = Each lemur lives in solitude
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	lemur	lemur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	solitude	solitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | each lemur |  |  | solitude |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in solitude=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Groups are governed by a single hereditary male ruler and his sons

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:86-monkey-house-and-lemurs-of-madagascar:e2:o2:1
# text = Groups are governed by a single hereditary male ruler and his sons
1	Groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	governed	govern	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
7	hereditary	hereditary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	male	male	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **govern** | present · passive |  | Groups |  |  |  | by a single hereditary male ruler and his sons | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Groups are led by the youngest male

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:86-monkey-house-and-lemurs-of-madagascar:e2:o3:1
# text = Groups are led by the youngest male
1	Groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	youngest	young	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	male	male	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | present · passive | the youngest male | Groups |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Groups are led by females, who feed first and win most disputes

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:86-monkey-house-and-lemurs-of-madagascar:e2:o4:1
# text = Groups are led by females, who feed first and win most disputes
1	Groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	females	female	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	feed	feed	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	advmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	win	win	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
12	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	13	amod	_	_
13	disputes	dispute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | present · passive | females | Groups |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **feed** | present | females |  |  |  |  | first *property* | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **win** | present | females *not said here* | most disputes |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dispute=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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