---
title: Identify the principal reason for which a crocodile is observed to l… — The reptile house: Komodo dragons, cha… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which a crocodile is observed to lie with its jaws open. Exam question 1 of lesson 88 «The reptile house: Komodo dragons, chameleons, tortoises and crocodiles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question an
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/e1/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [The reptile house: Komodo dragons, cha…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/) / e1

# Exam question 1 · The reptile house: Komodo dragons, chameleons, tortoises a…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which a crocodile is observed to lie with its jaws open.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, observe, lie · **To what, where:** principal reason, crocodile

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 88 «The reptile house: Komodo dragons, chameleons, tortoises and crocodiles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which a crocodile is observed to lie with its jaws open.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	crocodile	crocodile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	observed	observe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	lie	lie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	jaws	jaw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
16	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **observe** | present · passive |  | a crocodile |  |  |  | for the principal reason | tree rules |
| 3 | **lie** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with crocodile's jaws | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is awaiting the arrival of birds, which it seizes as prey

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles:e1:o1:1
# text = It is awaiting the arrival of birds, which it seizes as prey
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	awaiting	await	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	arrival	arrival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	seizes	seize	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **await** | present · progressive | It | the arrival of birds |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **seize** | present | the arrival of birds |  |  |  |  | as prey | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **arrive** |  | birds |  |  |  |  |  | nom arrival «act intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is incapable of closing its jaws while at rest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles:e1:o2:1
# text = It is incapable of closing its jaws while at rest
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	incapable	incapable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	closing	close	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	jaws	jaw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | incapable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **close** | gerund |  | its jaws |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jaw=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is signalling to its keepers for food

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles:e1:o3:1
# text = It is signalling to its keepers for food
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	signalling	signall	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	keepers	keeper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signall** | present · progressive | It |  |  |  |  | to its keepers; for food | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being incapable of sweating, it releases heat by this means

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles:e1:o4:1
# text = Being incapable of sweating, it releases heat by this means
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	cop	_	_
2	incapable	incapable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	sweating	sweat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	releases	release	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	csubj	_	_
8	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	obl	_	_
11	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | incapable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **sweat** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **release** | present | it | heat |  |  |  | by this | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer heat=Source |
| 4 | **mean** | present | incapable |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [The reptile house: Komodo dragons, cha…, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/t12/)
- next →: [The reptile house: Komodo dragons, cha…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/e2/)
- ↑ back to [The reptile house: Komodo dragons, chameleons, tortoises and crocodiles](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/88-reptile-house-komodo-chameleons-tortoises-crocodiles/)