---
title: Identify the principal reason for which sharks maintained within aqu… — The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which sharks maintained within aquarium exhibits refrain from predation upon their tankmates. Exam question 1 of lesson 91 «The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the qu
---

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# Exam question 1 · The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which sharks maintained within aquarium exhibits refrain from predation upon their tankmates.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, sharks, aquarium exhibits · **What happens:** identify, maintain, refrain · **To what, where:** principal reason, predation

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 91 «The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which sharks maintained within aquarium exhibits refrain from predation upon their tankmates.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
7	sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	maintained	maintain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	within	within	ADP	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	aquarium	aquarium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	exhibits	exhibit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	refrain	refrain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	predation	predation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	tankmates	tankmate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **maintain** | past | sharks |  |  |  |  | for the principal reason | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **refrain** | present | aquarium exhibits |  |  | predation |  | upon exhibits's tankmates | vn refrain-69 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent from predation=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are separated from all other fish by partitions

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays:e1:o1:1
# text = They are separated from all other fish by partitions
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	separated	separate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
6	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	partitions	partition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **separate** | present · passive | partitions | They |  |  |  | from all other fish | vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient from fish=Co-Patient |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are provided with regular and sufficient meals by the keepers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays:e1:o2:1
# text = They are provided with regular and sufficient meals by the keepers
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	provided	provide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	regular	regular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	meals	meal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	keepers	keeper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **provide** | present · passive | the keepers | They |  |  |  | with regular meals | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-2 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient with meal=Theme |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are physically incapable of consuming fish of any appreciable size

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays:e1:o3:1
# text = They are physically incapable of consuming fish of any appreciable size
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	physically	physically	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	incapable	incapable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	consuming	consume	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
10	appreciable	appreciable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | They |  |  |  |  | incapable, physically *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **consume** | gerund | They *not said here* | fish of any appreciable size |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Asset |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their tankmates are invariably venomous

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays:e1:o4:1
# text = Their tankmates are invariably venomous
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	tankmates	tankmate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	venomous	venomous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Their tankmates |  |  |  |  | invariably, venomous *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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