--- title: It is given that the sawfish is designated critically endangered. As… — The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the… · tree and pragmatics description: It is given that the sawfish is designated critically endangered. Ascertain the principal cause thereof. Exam question 4 of lesson 91 «The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each opti --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/e4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/) / e4 # Exam question 4 · The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays It is given that the sawfish is designated critically endangered. Ascertain the principal cause thereof. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, principal · **What happens:** give, designate, ascertain, cause · **To what, where:** It, sawfish This is exam question 4 of lesson 91 «The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/#e4). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* It is given that the sawfish is designated critically endangered. ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays:e4:1 # text = It is given that the sawfish is designated critically endangered. 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 given give VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 that that SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 sawfish sawfish NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nsubj:pass _ _ 7 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 aux:pass _ _ 8 designated designate VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 advcl _ _ 9 critically critically ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 10 endangered endangered ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 11 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **give** | present · passive | | It | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **designate** | present · passive | | the sawfish | | | | endangered *property* | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* Ascertain the principal cause thereof. ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays:e4:2 # text = Ascertain the principal cause thereof. 1 Ascertain ascertain VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 principal principal NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 cause cause VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 ccomp _ _ 5 thereof thereof ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 6 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **cause** | present | the principal | | | | | thereof *property* | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} Entanglement of its saw in fishing nets ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays:e4:o1:1 # text = Entanglement of its saw in fishing nets 1 Entanglement entanglement NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 2 of of ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 3 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ _ 4 saw saw NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 fishing fishing NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 nets net NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 nmod _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 2 {#o2} Predation upon it by manta rays ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays:e4:o2:1 # text = Predation upon it by manta rays 1 Predation predation NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 2 upon upon ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 3 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 1 nmod _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 manta manta NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 rays ray NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **predate** | | manta rays | | | | | upon Predation | nom predation «act transitive»: upon=obl by=agent | ### Option 3 {#o3} Insufficiency of plankton in its waters ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays:e4:o3:1 # text = Insufficiency of plankton in its waters 1 Insufficiency insufficiency NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 2 of of ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 3 plankton plankton NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 nmod _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 6 waters water NOUN NNS Number=Plur 1 nmod _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. ### Option 4 {#o4} Excessive warmth of the ocean surface ```conllu # sent_id = question:biology:91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays:e4:o4:1 # text = Excessive warmth of the ocean surface 1 Excessive excessive ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 warmth warmth NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 ocean ocean NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 surface surface NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ ``` The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence. **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/e3/) - next →: [The aquarium: jellyfish, octopuses, se…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/92-the-aquarium-jellyfish-octopuses-sea-stars-and-the-deep-sea/t1/) - ↑ back to [The aquarium: the shark tunnel and the rays](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/91-the-aquarium-the-shark-tunnel-and-the-rays/)