---
title: Identify the principal reason for which the butterfly house is maint… — The butterfly house · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which the butterfly house is maintained at a high temperature. Exam question 1 of lesson 98 «The butterfly house» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 1 · The butterfly house

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which the butterfly house is maintained at a high temperature.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, maintain · **To what, where:** principal reason, butterfly house, high temperature

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 98 «The butterfly house» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/98-the-butterfly-house/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:98-the-butterfly-house:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which the butterfly house is maintained at a high temperature.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	butterfly	butterfly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	maintained	maintain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
12	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **maintain** | present · passive |  | the butterfly house |  | a high temperature |  | for the principal reason | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Butterflies, being cold-blooded, require warmth in order to fly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:98-the-butterfly-house:e1:o1:1
# text = Butterflies, being cold-blooded, require warmth in order to fly
1	Butterflies	butterfly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	blooded	blooded	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	require	require	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
9	warmth	warmth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund | Butterflies |  |  |  |  | blooded *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **require** | present |  | warmth |  | order |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme warmth=Precondition |
| 3 | **fly** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Warmth prevents the scales from falling

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:98-the-butterfly-house:e1:o2:1
# text = Warmth prevents the scales from falling
1	Warmth	warmth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	prevents	prevent	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	scales	scale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prevent** | present | Warmth | the scales |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer scale=Theme |
| 2 | **fall** | gerund | Warmth *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Butterflies are incapable of perceiving cold

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:98-the-butterfly-house:e1:o3:1
# text = Butterflies are incapable of perceiving cold
1	Butterflies	butterfly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	incapable	incapable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	perceiving	perceive	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Butterflies |  |  |  |  | incapable *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **perceive** | gerund | Butterflies *not said here* |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Warmth deters the predatory birds which would otherwise eat them

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:98-the-butterfly-house:e1:o4:1
# text = Warmth deters the predatory birds which would otherwise eat them
1	Warmth	warmth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	deters	deter	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	predatory	predatory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
7	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deter** | present | Warmth | the predatory birds |  |  |  |  | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer bird=Eventuality |
| 2 | **eat** | would | the predatory birds | birds *= bird* |  |  |  | otherwise *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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