---
title: Identify the principal reason for which penguins inhabiting temperat… — The penguin pool · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which penguins inhabiting temperate coasts are able to subsist there. Exam question 1 of lesson 99 «The penguin pool» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/e1/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/) / [The penguin pool](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/) / e1

# Exam question 1 · The penguin pool

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which penguins inhabiting temperate coasts are able to subsist there.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, penguins · **What happens:** identify, inhabit, be, subsist · **To what, where:** principal reason, temperate coasts

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 99 «The penguin pool» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:99-the-penguin-pool:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which penguins inhabiting temperate coasts are able to subsist there.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
7	penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
8	inhabiting	inhabit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	temperate	temperate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	coasts	coast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	subsist	subsist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **inhabit** | gerund | penguins *not said here* | temperate coasts |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | penguins |  |  |  |  | for the principal reason; able *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **subsist** | to-infinitive | penguins *not said here* |  |  | there |  |  | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cold ocean currents supply abundant fish to those coasts

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:99-the-penguin-pool:e1:o1:1
# text = Cold ocean currents supply abundant fish to those coasts
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	currents	current	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	supply	supply	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	abundant	abundant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	coasts	coast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **supply** | present | Cold ocean currents | abundant fish | that coasts |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent fish=Theme to coast=Recipient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coasts are covered throughout the year by permanent ice

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:99-the-penguin-pool:e1:o2:1
# text = The coasts are covered throughout the year by permanent ice
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coasts	coast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	permanent	permanent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present · passive | permanent ice | the coasts |  |  | year |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Destination |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Such penguins require no nourishment

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:99-the-penguin-pool:e1:o3:1
# text = Such penguins require no nourishment
1	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	require	require	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	nourishment	nourishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present | Such penguins | no nourishment |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme nourishment=Precondition |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polar bears are absent from those regions

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:99-the-penguin-pool:e1:o4:1
# text = Polar bears are absent from those regions
1	Polar	polar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	regions	region	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Polar bears |  |  | that regions |  | absent *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [The penguin pool, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/t11/)
- next →: [The penguin pool, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/e2/)
- ↑ back to [The penguin pool](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/)