---
title: A penguin swims over a dark sea and a seal looks up from below. Why… — The penguin pool · tree and pragmatics
description: A penguin swims over a dark sea and a seal looks up from below. Why is the penguin hard to see? Test 7 · ★★ of lesson 99 «The penguin pool» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 7 · ★★ · The penguin pool

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A penguin swims over a dark sea and a seal looks up from below. Why is the penguin hard to see?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** penguin, seal · **What happens:** swim, look up, be, see · **To what, where:** dark sea

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 99 «The penguin pool» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A penguin swims over a dark sea and a seal looks up from below.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:99-the-penguin-pool:t7:1
# text = A penguin swims over a dark sea and a seal looks up from below.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	penguin	penguin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	swims	swim	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	seal	seal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	up	up	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	below	below	ADV	RB	_	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | present | a penguin |  |  | a dark sea |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over sea=Trajectory |
| 2 | **look up** | present | a seal |  |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent from below=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Why is the penguin hard to see?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:99-the-penguin-pool:t7:2
# text = Why is the penguin hard to see?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	penguin	penguin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | the penguin *obl:unmarked*; hard *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its black belly hides it against the dark water below

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:99-the-penguin-pool:t7:o1:1
# text = Its black belly hides it against the dark water below
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	belly	belly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	hides	hide	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
10	below	below	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | present | Its black belly | it |  | the dark water |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Patient against water=Location |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It swims too deep to be seen

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:99-the-penguin-pool:t7:o2:1
# text = It swims too deep to be seen
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	swims	swim	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	too	too	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swim** | present | It |  |  |  |  | deep *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V» |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It turns see-through underwater

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:99-the-penguin-pool:t7:o3:1
# text = It turns see-through underwater
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	see	see	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	through	thorough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	underwater	underwater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | It | through underwater |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme underwater=Result |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its white belly blends with the bright surface

```conllu
# sent_id = question:biology:99-the-penguin-pool:t7:o4:1
# text = Its white belly blends with the bright surface
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	belly	belly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	blends	blend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blend** | present | Its white belly |  |  |  |  | with the bright surface | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with surface=Co-Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [The penguin pool, test 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/99-the-penguin-pool/t6/)
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