---
title: Which of the following correctly states the reason that Knud refuses… — Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Ugly Duckl… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following correctly states the reason that Knud refuses to enter the water? Exam question 3 of lesson 1014 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Ugly Duckling: the duckling flies to the swans, sees his own beauty, and is welcomed» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency
---

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# Exam question 3 · Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Ugly Duckling: the duckling fl…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following correctly states the reason that Knud refuses to enter the water?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** reason · **What happens:** follow, state, refuse, not enter · **To what, where:** reason, water

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 1014 «Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Ugly Duckling: the duckling flies to the swans, sees his own beauty, and is welcomed» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1014-pg27200-part225/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1014-pg27200-part225:e3:1
# text = Which of the following correctly states the reason that Knud refuses to enter the water?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	nsubj	_	_
5	correctly	correctly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	states	state	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	Knud	Knud	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	refuses	refuse	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	enter	enter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **state** *speech: other* | present |  | the reason |  |  |  | correctly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent reason=Topic |
| 3 | **refuse** | present | the reason |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **enter** | to-infinitive | the reason *not said here* | the water |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme water=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is scared, and Joanna's dream made it worse

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1014-pg27200-part225:e3:o1:1
# text = He is scared, and Joanna's dream made it worse
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	scared	scared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	Joanna	Joanna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	dream	dream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | He |  |  |  |  | scared *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | past | Joanna's dream | it |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 3 | **dream** |  | Joanna |  |  |  |  |  | nom dream «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He fears the water, and his mother forbids it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1014-pg27200-part225:e3:o2:1
# text = He fears the water, and his mother forbids it
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fears	fear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	forbids	forbid	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fear** | present | He | the water |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer water=Stimulus |
| 2 | **forbid** | present | his mother | water |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer it=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is too cold

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1014-pg27200-part225:e3:o3:1
# text = He is too cold
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	too	too	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | He |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is greatly afraid of it, and Joanna's dream confirms his fear

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1014-pg27200-part225:e3:o4:1
# text = He is greatly afraid of it, and Joanna's dream confirms his fear
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	Joanna	Joanna	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	dream	dream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	confirms	confirm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | He |  |  |  |  | of it; afraid, greatly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **confirm** | present | Joanna's dream | dream's fear |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot fear=Topic |
| 3 | **dream** |  | Joanna |  |  |  |  |  | nom dream «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
| 4 | **fear** |  | dream |  |  |  |  |  | nom fear «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Ugly Duckl…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1014-pg27200-part225/e2/)
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- ↑ back to [Andersen's Fairy Tales, The Ugly Duckling: the duckling flies to the swans, sees his own beauty, and is welcomed](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1014-pg27200-part225/)