---
title: With reference to the text, what was the principal cause of the pars… — Russian Tales, Ivan the Fool, part 31:… · tree and pragmatics
description: With reference to the text, what was the principal cause of the parson's injuries? Exam question 2 of lesson 1125 «Russian Tales, Ivan the Fool, part 31: Ivan's millstone scatters robbers, and his magic fife sets a parson dancing into a hedge» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the d
---

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# Exam question 2 · Russian Tales, Ivan the Fool, part 31: Ivan's millstone sc…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With reference to the text, what was the principal cause of the parson's injuries?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** text, parson · **What happens:** be, injure · **To what, where:** principal cause

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 1125 «Russian Tales, Ivan the Fool, part 31: Ivan's millstone scatters robbers, and his magic fife sets a parson dancing into a hedge» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1125-pg29672-part31/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1125-pg29672-part31:e2:1
# text = With reference to the text, what was the principal cause of the parson's injuries?
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	reference	reference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	11	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	parson	parson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	injuries	injury	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the text | the principal cause |  |  |  | of the parson's injuries | tree rules |
| 2 | **injure** |  | the parson |  |  |  |  |  | nom injury «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fact that he tried to climb over the quickset hedge to catch Ivan red-handed, and then was caught by the thorns while dancing wildly

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1125-pg29672-part31:e2:o1:1
# text = The fact that he tried to climb over the quickset hedge to catch Ivan red-handed, and then was caught by the thorns while dancing wildly
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	tried	try	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	climb	climb	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	quickset	quickset	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	hedge	hedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
14	Ivan	Ivan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	handed	hand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	22	advmod	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
23	by	by	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	thorns	thorn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
26	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
27	dancing	dance	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
28	wildly	wildly	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | past | the fact |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **climb** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the fact *not said here* |  |  | the quickset hedge |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over hedge=Trajectory |
| 3 | **catch** | to-infinitive | the fact *not said here* | Ivan |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ivan=Theme |
| 4 | **hand** | participle |  | Ivan *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **catch** | past · passive | the thorns |  |  |  | then |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **dance** | gerund | the thorns *not said here* |  |  |  |  | wildly *property* | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being attacked by the wolves that followed Ivan into the pasture while he crawled through the field toward the haystack

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1125-pg29672-part31:e2:o2:1
# text = Being attacked by the wolves that followed Ivan into the pasture while he crawled through the field toward the haystack
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	aux:pass	_	_
2	attacked	attack	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	followed	follow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	Ivan	Ivan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl:agent	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	pasture	pasture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
12	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	crawled	crawl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
15	through	through	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	haystack	haystack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attack** | gerund · passive | Ivan |  |  | the pasture |  | by the wolves | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **follow** | past | the wolves |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **crawl** | past | Ivan |  |  | the field |  | toward the haystack | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through field=Trajectory |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ivan's magic fife cutting him with sharp blasts of sound

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1125-pg29672-part31:e2:o3:1
# text = Ivan's magic fife cutting him with sharp blasts of sound
1	Ivan	Ivan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	magic	magic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	fife	fife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	blasts	blast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | gerund | Ivan's magic fife *not said here* | Ivan |  |  |  | with sharp blasts of sound | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient with blast=Instrument |
| 2 | **blast** |  |  | sound |  |  |  |  | nom blast «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His own dancing within the thorny quickset hedge while Ivan played

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1125-pg29672-part31:e2:o4:1
# text = His own dancing within the thorny quickset hedge while Ivan played
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	dancing	dancing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
4	within	within	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	thorny	thorny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	quickset	quickset	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	hedge	hedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
9	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	Ivan	Ivan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
11	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | His own dancing within the thorny quickset hedge |  |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **dance** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  | within the thorny quickset hedge | nom dancing «act transitive»: poss=agent within=obl |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Russian Tales, Ivan the Fool, part 31:…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1125-pg29672-part31/e1/)
- next →: [Russian Tales, Ivan the Fool, part 31:…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1125-pg29672-part31/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Russian Tales, Ivan the Fool, part 31: Ivan's millstone scatters robbers, and his magic fife sets a parson dancing into a hedge](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1125-pg29672-part31/)