---
title: By what means did the hedgehog establish that the animal was not a s… — Indian tales, The Jackal and the Panth… · tree and pragmatics
description: By what means did the hedgehog establish that the animal was not a sheep? Exam question 2 of lesson 1163 «Indian tales, The Jackal and the Panther, part 29: the tight shoes and the greyhound in sheep's wool» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the
---

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# Exam question 2 · Indian tales, The Jackal and the Panther, part 29: the tig…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By what means did the hedgehog establish that the animal was not a sheep?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** hedgehog, animal · **What happens:** mean, establish, not be · **To what, where:** sheep

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 1163 «Indian tales, The Jackal and the Panther, part 29: the tight shoes and the greyhound in sheep's wool» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1163-pg3027-part29/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1163-pg3027-part29:e2:1
# text = By what means did the hedgehog establish that the animal was not a sheep?
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	obl	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	establish	establish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **establish** | past · do-support | the hedgehog |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **not** **is a** | past | the animal | a sheep |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By observing the greyhound's paws

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1163-pg3027-part29:e2:o1:1
# text = By observing the greyhound's paws
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	observing	observe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	greyhound	greyhound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	paws	paw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | gerund |  | the greyhound's paws |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent paw=Topic |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By hearing it bark

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1163-pg3027-part29:e2:o2:1
# text = By hearing it bark
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hearing	hear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | gerund |  | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By counting its ears closely

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1163-pg3027-part29:e2:o3:1
# text = By counting its ears closely
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	counting	count	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	closely	closely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | gerund |  | its ears |  |  |  | closely *property* | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By watching its strange walk

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1163-pg3027-part29:e2:o4:1
# text = By watching its strange walk
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	watching	watch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | gerund |  | its strange walk |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent walk=Theme |
| 2 | **walk** |  | its *= it* |  |  |  |  |  | nom walk «act transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Indian tales, The Jackal and the Panth…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1163-pg3027-part29/e1/)
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