---
title: By what means did the child control the horse during the journey to… — Grimm, Thumbling, part 21: a tiny boy… · tree and pragmatics
description: By what means did the child control the horse during the journey to the forest? Exam question 4 of lesson 118 «Grimm, Thumbling, part 21: a tiny boy is sold, escapes, and offers to help thieves rob a pastor» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the
---

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# Exam question 4 · Grimm, Thumbling, part 21: a tiny boy is sold, escapes, an…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By what means did the child control the horse during the journey to the forest?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** child · **What happens:** mean, control · **To what, where:** horse

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 118 «Grimm, Thumbling, part 21: a tiny boy is sold, escapes, and offers to help thieves rob a pastor» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/118-pg11027-part21/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:118-pg11027-part21:e4:1
# text = By what means did the child control the horse during the journey to the forest?
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	obl	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	control	control	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	during	during	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **control** | past · do-support | the child | the horse |  |  | during the journey | to the forest | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He climbed onto the horse's back and steered it with the reins and whip all the way to the forest

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:118-pg11027-part21:e4:o1:1
# text = He climbed onto the horse's back and steered it with the reins and whip all the way to the forest
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	steered	steer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	reins	rein	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	whip	whip	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Typo=Yes|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	18	det:predet	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | past | He | all way |  | the horse's back |  | to the forest | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme onto back=Initial\_Location to forest=Destination |
| 2 | **steer** | past | He *not said here* | back |  |  |  | with the reins | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **whip** | present | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-1-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He directed it from within its ear

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:118-pg11027-part21:e4:o2:1
# text = He directed it from within its ear
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	directed	direct	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	within	within	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **direct** | past | He | it |  | its ear |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He guided it from the saddle top

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:118-pg11027-part21:e4:o3:1
# text = He guided it from the saddle top
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	guided	guide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	saddle	saddle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **guide** | past | He | it |  | the saddle top |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme from top=Destination |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He sat in the horse's ear and directed it by shouting commands to the stable boy outside

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:118-pg11027-part21:e4:o4:1
# text = He sat in the horse's ear and directed it by shouting commands to the stable boy outside
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	directed	direct	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	shouting	shout	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
13	commands	command	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	stable	stable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
18	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | He |  |  | the horse's ear |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in ear=Location |
| 2 | **direct** | past | He *not said here* | ear |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |
| 3 | **shout** *speech: express* | gerund | He *not said here* | commands | the stable boy |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent command=Topic to boy=Recipient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Grimm, Thumbling, part 21: a tiny boy…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/118-pg11027-part21/e3/)
- next →: [Grimm's Fairy Tales, Thumbling: the co…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/119-pg11027-part22/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Grimm, Thumbling, part 21: a tiny boy is sold, escapes, and offers to help thieves rob a pastor](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/118-pg11027-part21/)