---
title: Describe the manner in which Covan responded to the youths who urged… — Celtic Fairy Tales, Gorla of the Flock… · tree and pragmatics
description: Describe the manner in which Covan responded to the youths who urged him to attend to the cows. Exam question 3 of lesson 1184 «Celtic Fairy Tales, Gorla of the Flocks, part 50: Covan feeds the raven, herds the cows through fire and flood, and is sheltered by two friends» of the books course of Mova
---

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# Exam question 3 · Celtic Fairy Tales, Gorla of the Flocks, part 50: Covan fe…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Describe the manner in which Covan responded to the youths who urged him to attend to the cows.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, Covan, youths · **What happens:** describe, respond, urge, attend · **To what, where:** manner, Covan

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 1184 «Celtic Fairy Tales, Gorla of the Flocks, part 50: Covan feeds the raven, herds the cows through fire and flood, and is sheltered by two friends» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1184-pg3027-part50/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1184-pg3027-part50:e3:1
# text = Describe the manner in which Covan responded to the youths who urged him to attend to the cows.
1	Describe	describe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	obl	_	_
6	Covan	Covan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	responded	respond	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	youths	youth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	urged	urge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	iobj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	attend	attend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | imperative | you *not said here* | the manner |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent manner=Theme |
| 2 | **respond** *speech: other* | past | Covan |  |  | the manner |  | to the youths | vn respond-113 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to youth=Theme |
| 3 | **urge** | past | the youths |  | Covan |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **attend** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the youths *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the cows | vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent to cow=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He refused to hurry, judging that the youth should act instead.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1184-pg3027-part50:e3:o1:1
# text = He refused to hurry, judging that the youth should act instead.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	refused	refuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	hurry	hurry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	judging	judge	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	act	act	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
12	instead	instead	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **hurry** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **judge** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **act** | should | the youth |  |  |  |  | instead *property* | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He declined to hasten, reasoning that the youth ought to act instead.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1184-pg3027-part50:e3:o2:1
# text = He declined to hasten, reasoning that the youth ought to act instead.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	declined	decline	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	hasten	hasten	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	reasoning	reason	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
10	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	act	act	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
13	instead	instead	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decline** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **hasten** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **reason** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **act** | ought | the youth |  |  |  |  | instead *property* | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He declined to hasten, reasoning that the youth ought to act instead, and he sat down to rest in the shade of the great oak tree.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1184-pg3027-part50:e3:o3:1
# text = He declined to hasten, reasoning that the youth ought to act instead, and he sat down to rest in the shade of the great oak tree.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	declined	decline	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	hasten	hasten	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	reasoning	reason	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
10	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	act	act	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
13	instead	instead	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
18	down	down	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	rest	rest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	shade	shade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
26	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
27	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
28	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decline** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **hasten** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **reason** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **act** | ought | the youth |  |  |  |  | instead *property* | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **sit down** | past | youth |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **rest** | to-infinitive | youth *not said here* |  |  | the shade of the great oak tree |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in shade=Location |
| 7 | **shade** |  |  | the great oak tree |  |  |  |  | nom shade «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He declined to hasten at first, reasoning that the youth ought to act instead, and only later went after the cows when the rain began.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1184-pg3027-part50:e3:o4:1
# text = He declined to hasten at first, reasoning that the youth ought to act instead, and only later went after the cows when the rain began.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	declined	decline	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	hasten	hasten	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	reasoning	reason	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
12	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	act	act	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
15	instead	instead	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	only	only	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	20	advmod	_	_
20	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
21	after	after	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
24	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	27	advmod	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
27	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decline** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **hasten** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at first=Trajectory |
| 3 | **reason** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **act** | ought | the youth |  |  |  |  | instead *property* | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **go** | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  | after the cows | late *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **begin** | past | the rain |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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