---
title: wait, why does the raven help him in the end? — Celtic Fairy Tales, Gorla of the Flock… · tree and pragmatics
description: wait, why does the raven help him in the end? Test 11 · ★ of lesson 1184 «Celtic Fairy Tales, Gorla of the Flocks, part 50: Covan feeds the raven, herds the cows through fire and flood, and is sheltered by two friends» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragma
---

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# Test 11 · ★ · Celtic Fairy Tales, Gorla of the Flocks, part 50: Covan fe…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
wait, why does the raven help him in the end?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, raven · **What happens:** wait, help · **To what, where:** him, end

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 1184 «Celtic Fairy Tales, Gorla of the Flocks, part 50: Covan feeds the raven, herds the cows through fire and flood, and is sheltered by two friends» of the books course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1184-pg3027-part50/#t11).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1184-pg3027-part50:t11:1
# text = wait, why does the raven help him in the end?
1	wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
3	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
4	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	raven	raven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **help** | present · do-support | the raven |  | him *= he* |  | in the end |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
cos Covan fed him cake, so he's returning the favour

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1184-pg3027-part50:t11:o1:1
# text = cos Covan fed him cake, so he's returning the favour
1	cos	cos	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	_
2	Covan	Covan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fed	feed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	returning	return	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	favour	favour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feed** | past | Covan | cake | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient cake=Theme |
| 2 | **return** | present · progressive | Covan | the favour |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent favour=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
cos Covan fed him cake and tended his wing and let him sleep in his hood, so the raven is paying him back in full

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1184-pg3027-part50:t11:o2:1
# text = cos Covan fed him cake and tended his wing and let him sleep in his hood, so the raven is paying him back in full
1	cos	cos	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	_
2	Covan	Covan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fed	feed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	tended	tend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	wing	wing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	hood	hood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	raven	raven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	paying	pay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	back	back	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feed** | past | Covan | cake | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient cake=Theme |
| 2 | **tend** | past | Covan *not said here* | Covan's wing |  |  |  |  | vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Theme |
| 3 | **let** | infinitive | Covan *not said here* | Covan |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **sleep** | infinitive | Covan *not said here* |  |  | Covan's hood |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in hood=Location |
| 5 | **pay back** | present · progressive | the raven | Covan |  | full |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Asset |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
cos Covan gave him a bit of cake, so he's paying him back

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1184-pg3027-part50:t11:o3:1
# text = cos Covan gave him a bit of cake, so he's paying him back
1	cos	cos	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	_
2	Covan	Covan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	paying	pay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	back	back	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Covan | a bit of cake | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient bit=Theme |
| 2 | **pay back** | present · progressive | Covan | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Asset |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
cos Covan gave him a bit of his cake when they first met by the rock, so now the raven is paying him back for the kindness

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1184-pg3027-part50:t11:o4:1
# text = cos Covan gave him a bit of his cake when they first met by the rock, so now the raven is paying him back for the kindness
1	cos	cos	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	_
2	Covan	Covan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	13	advmod	_	_
13	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	so	so	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
19	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	23	advmod	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	raven	raven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	paying	pay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
24	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	back	back	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
26	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Covan | a bit of Covan's cake | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient bit=Theme |
| 2 | **meet** | past | they |  |  |  |  | by the rock; first *property* | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **pay back** | present · progressive | the raven | Covan |  |  | now | for the kindness | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent he=Asset for kindness=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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