---
title: Which action did the mink perform immediately before he dived beneat… — Indian Tales, Adventures of an Indian… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which action did the mink perform immediately before he dived beneath the surface of the water? Exam question 1 of lesson 1191 «Indian Tales, Adventures of an Indian Brave, part 1: the mink escapes the wolves, and a brave's father drowns and returns as a baby» of the books course of Mova's primary s
---

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# Exam question 1 · Indian Tales, Adventures of an Indian Brave, part 1: the m…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which action did the mink perform immediately before he dived beneath the surface of the water?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** action, mink · **What happens:** do, perform, dive · **To what, where:** surface

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 1191 «Indian Tales, Adventures of an Indian Brave, part 1: the mink escapes the wolves, and a brave's father drowns and returns as a baby» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1191-pg3027-part57/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1191-pg3027-part57:e1:1
# text = Which action did the mink perform immediately before he dived beneath the surface of the water?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mink	mink	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	perform	perform	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	immediately	immediately	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	dived	dive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
11	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | which action |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **perform** | present | the mink |  |  |  |  | immediately *property* | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **dive** | past | action |  |  | the surface of the water |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beneath surface=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He leaped and dived down headfirst

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1191-pg3027-part57:e1:o1:1
# text = He leaped and dived down headfirst
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	leaped	leap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	dived	dive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	down	down	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	headfirst	headfirst	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leap** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **dive down** | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | down, headfirst *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He leaped high into the air, twisted around once, and then came crashing down head-first into the cold water

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1191-pg3027-part57:e1:o2:1
# text = He leaped high into the air, twisted around once, and then came crashing down head-first into the cold water
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	leaped	leap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	twisted	twist	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
9	around	around	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	14	advmod	_	_
14	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
15	crashing	crash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	xcomp	_	_
16	down	down	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
17	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	15	advmod	_	_
20	into	into	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leap** | past | He |  |  | the air |  | high *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into air=Destination |
| 2 | **twist around** | participle |  | the air *not said here* |  |  |  | around, once *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  | then |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **crash down** | gerund | He *not said here* | head |  |  |  | into the cold water *result*; first *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent head=Patient into water=Result |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He spun around the canoes several times, shouted at the wolves, and then sprang into the air and dived

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1191-pg3027-part57:e1:o3:1
# text = He spun around the canoes several times, shouted at the wolves, and then sprang into the air and dived
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spun	spin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	around	around	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	canoes	canoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	shouted	shout	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	wolves	wolf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	_
16	sprang	spring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
17	into	into	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	dived	dive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spin** | past | He |  |  | the canoes | time |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme around canoe=Trajectory |
| 2 | **shout** *speech: express* | participle |  | several times *not said here* |  | the wolves |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **spring** | past | He *not said here* |  |  | the air | then |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into air=Destination |
| 4 | **dive** | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He sprang into the air and came down head-first

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1191-pg3027-part57:e1:o4:1
# text = He sprang into the air and came down head-first
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sprang	spring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	down	down	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spring** | past | He |  |  | the air |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into air=Destination |
| 2 | **come down** | past | head |  |  |  |  | down, first *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Indian Tales, Adventures of an Indian…, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1191-pg3027-part57/t12/)
- next →: [Indian Tales, Adventures of an Indian…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1191-pg3027-part57/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Indian Tales, Adventures of an Indian Brave, part 1: the mink escapes the wolves, and a brave's father drowns and returns as a baby](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1191-pg3027-part57/)