---
title: With reference to the passage, by what means was the boy confined du… — Indian Fairy Tales, Ball-Carrier, part… · tree and pragmatics
description: With reference to the passage, by what means was the boy confined during the period of his fattening? Exam question 2 of lesson 1210 «Indian Fairy Tales, Ball-Carrier, part 11: the boy is fattened up for a feast» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics o
---

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# Exam question 2 · Indian Fairy Tales, Ball-Carrier, part 11: the boy is fatt…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With reference to the passage, by what means was the boy confined during the period of his fattening?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** passage, boy · **What happens:** mean, be, confine · **To what, where:** boy

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 1210 «Indian Fairy Tales, Ball-Carrier, part 11: the boy is fattened up for a feast» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1210-pg3282-part11/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1210-pg3282-part11:e2:1
# text = With reference to the passage, by what means was the boy confined during the period of his fattening?
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	reference	reference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	nsubj	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	confined	confine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	during	during	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	fattening	fattening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the passage |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | the boy |  |  |  | with reference to the passage | tree rules |
| 3 | **confine** | past | the boy |  |  |  | during the period of boy's fattening |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By a belt looped round a beam in the kitchen

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1210-pg3282-part11:e2:o1:1
# text = By a belt looped round a beam in the kitchen
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	belt	belt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	looped	loop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	round	round	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	beam	beam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **loop** | participle |  | a belt *not said here* |  | the kitchen |  | round a beam | vn coil-9.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme round beam=Destination |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By an iron chain fastened to a heavy ring set into the stone wall of a shed

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1210-pg3282-part11:e2:o2:1
# text = By an iron chain fastened to a heavy ring set into the stone wall of a shed
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	fastened	fasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	shed	shed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten** | participle |  | a iron chain *not said here* |  |  |  | to a heavy ring | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to ring=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **set** | participle |  | a heavy ring *not said here* |  | the stone wall of a shed |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By a long leather strap wound round the bench, tied to a beam in the hut kitchen

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1210-pg3282-part11:e2:o3:1
# text = By a long leather strap wound round the bench, tied to a beam in the hut kitchen
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	leather	leather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	strap	strap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	wound	wound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	round	round	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bench	bench	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	tied	tie	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	beam	beam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	hut	hut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tie** | participle |  | a long strap wound round the bench *not said here* |  | the hut kitchen |  | to a beam | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to beam=Co-Patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By a chain fastened to a ring set in the wall of a shed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1210-pg3282-part11:e2:o4:1
# text = By a chain fastened to a ring set in the wall of a shed
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	fastened	fasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	shed	shed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten** | participle |  | a chain *not said here* |  |  |  | to a ring | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to ring=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **set** | participle |  | a ring *not said here* |  | the wall of a shed |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in wall=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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