---
title: By what means did Julia propose to counteract the Yara's influence? — Brazilian Tales, The Yara, part 17: a… · tree and pragmatics
description: By what means did Julia propose to counteract the Yara's influence? Exam question 3 of lesson 1216 «Brazilian Tales, The Yara, part 17: a voice in the forest and a promise» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova'
---

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# Exam question 3 · Brazilian Tales, The Yara, part 17: a voice in the forest…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By what means did Julia propose to counteract the Yara's influence?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Julia · **What happens:** mean, propose, counteract · **To what, where:** influence

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 1216 «Brazilian Tales, The Yara, part 17: a voice in the forest and a promise» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1216-pg3282-part17/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1216-pg3282-part17:e3:1
# text = By what means did Julia propose to counteract the Yara's influence?
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	obl	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	Julia	Julia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	propose	propose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	counteract	counteract	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Yara	Yara	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	influence	influence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **propose** | past · do-support | Julia |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **counteract** | to-infinitive | Julia *not said here* | the Yara's influence |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent influence=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Singing softly into a sea-shell while standing with his back to the river and his eyes closed

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1216-pg3282-part17:e3:o1:1
# text = Singing softly into a sea-shell while standing with his back to the river and his eyes closed
1	Singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	csubj:pass	_	_
2	softly	softly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
19	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund |  |  |  | a sea shell |  | softly *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent into shell=Recipient |
| 2 | **stand** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | with his back; to the river and his eyes | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **close** | participle | Singing |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Holding a cross to his chest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1216-pg3282-part17:e3:o2:1
# text = Holding a cross to his chest
1	Holding	hold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cross	cross	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | gerund |  | a cross |  |  |  | to his chest | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cross=Theme |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Singing softly into a sea-shell

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1216-pg3282-part17:e3:o3:1
# text = Singing softly into a sea-shell
1	Singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	softly	softly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund |  |  |  | a sea shell |  | softly *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent into shell=Recipient |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keeping the sea-shell hidden in a box and never touching it until the Yara has gone away forever

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1216-pg3282-part17:e3:o4:1
# text = Keeping the sea-shell hidden in a box and never touching it until the Yara has gone away forever
1	Keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	hidden	hide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	touching	touch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Yara	Yara	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
17	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
19	away	away	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	forever	forever	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | gerund |  | the sea shell |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Theme |
| 2 | **hide** | participle |  | the sea shell *not said here* |  | a box |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in box=Location |
| 3 | **not** **touch** | gerund |  | shell |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme |
| 4 | **go away** | present · perfect | the Yara |  |  |  |  | away, forever *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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