---
title: State the means by which Pivi effected his escape from the shell-fish. — Lang's Fairy Books, Pivi and Kabo: Kab… · tree and pragmatics
description: State the means by which Pivi effected his escape from the shell-fish. Exam question 2 of lesson 1231 «Lang's Fairy Books, Pivi and Kabo: Kabo copies Pivi, is swallowed by a shell-fish, and is punished» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the ques
---

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# Exam question 2 · Lang's Fairy Books, Pivi and Kabo: Kabo copies Pivi, is sw…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
State the means by which Pivi effected his escape from the shell-fish.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** State, Pivi · **What happens:** mean, affect, escape · **To what, where:** escape · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 1231 «Lang's Fairy Books, Pivi and Kabo: Kabo copies Pivi, is swallowed by a shell-fish, and is punished» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1231-pg3282-part32/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1231-pg3282-part32:e2:1
# text = State the means by which Pivi effected his escape from the shell-fish.
1	State	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	obl	_	_
6	Pivi	Pivi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	effected	affect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	escape	escape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | State |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **affect** | past | Pivi | Pivi's escape |  |  |  | from the shell fish | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus escape=Experiencer |
| 3 | **escape** |  | Pivi |  |  |  |  |  | nom escape «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He cut the shell

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1231-pg3282-part32:e2:o1:1
# text = He cut the shell
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cut	cut	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | past | He | the shell |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Product |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He worked the fish with his spear until it opened

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1231-pg3282-part32:e2:o2:1
# text = He worked the fish with his spear until it opened
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	worked	work	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | past | He | the fish |  |  |  | with fish's spear | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent fish=Material |
| 2 | **open** | past | spear |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He stabbed the fish and it opened

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1231-pg3282-part32:e2:o3:1
# text = He stabbed the fish and it opened
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stabbed	stab	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stab** | past | He | the fish |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Patient |
| 2 | **open** | past | fish |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He pushed the clam with a long stick until it cracked

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1231-pg3282-part32:e2:o4:1
# text = He pushed the clam with a long stick until it cracked
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pushed	push	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	clam	clam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	cracked	crack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | past | He | the clam |  |  |  | with a long stick | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clam=Theme |
| 2 | **crack** | past | clam |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Lang's Fairy Books, Pivi and Kabo: Kab…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1231-pg3282-part32/e1/)
- next →: [Lang's Fairy Books, Pivi and Kabo: Kab…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1231-pg3282-part32/e3/)
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