---
title: Specify the means by which the youth escaped harm upon departing his… — Norse Tales, The Youth and the Hill-Fo… · tree and pragmatics
description: Specify the means by which the youth escaped harm upon departing his in-laws' residence. Exam question 4 of lesson 1232 «Norse Tales, The Youth and the Hill-Folk, part 33: a youth is left alone on an island and a strange girl marries him» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the depend
---

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# Exam question 4 · Norse Tales, The Youth and the Hill-Folk, part 33: a youth…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Specify the means by which the youth escaped harm upon departing his in-laws' residence.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** youth · **What happens:** specify, mean, escape, depart · **To what, where:** harm, youth, residence

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 1232 «Norse Tales, The Youth and the Hill-Folk, part 33: a youth is left alone on an island and a strange girl marries him» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1232-pg3282-part33/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1232-pg3282-part33:e4:1
# text = Specify the means by which the youth escaped harm upon departing his in-laws' residence.
1	Specify	specify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	nsubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	escaped	escape	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
9	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	departing	depart	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	'	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	residence	residence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **specify** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **escape** | past | the youth | harm |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme harm=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **depart** | gerund | the youth *not said here* | youth |  | laws's residence |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme his=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He dodged the thrown axe by hiding behind the wooden door frame

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1232-pg3282-part33:e4:o1:1
# text = He dodged the thrown axe by hiding behind the wooden door frame
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	dodged	dodge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	axe	axe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	hiding	hide	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	frame	frame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dodge** | past | He | the thrown axe |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent axe=Location |
| 2 | **throw** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **hide** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  | the wooden door frame |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind frame=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He jumped aside as a chair was thrown

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1232-pg3282-part33:e4:o2:1
# text = He jumped aside as a chair was thrown
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	aside	aside	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | past | He |  |  |  |  | aside *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **throw** | past · passive |  | a chair |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He leapt across the threshold, avoiding the hammer hurled by his father-in-law

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1232-pg3282-part33:e4:o3:1
# text = He leapt across the threshold, avoiding the hammer hurled by his father-in-law
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	leapt	leapt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	across	across	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	threshold	threshold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	avoiding	avoid	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hammer	hammer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	hurled	hurl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leapt** | past | He |  |  | the threshold |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **avoid** | gerund | He *not said here* | the hammer |  |  |  | by his father in law | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent hammer=Location |
| 3 | **hurl** | participle |  | the hammer *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He sprang over the wooden threshold at the last moment, so the hammer hurled by his father-in-law flew harmlessly past and struck the wall of the house behind him

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1232-pg3282-part33:e4:o4:1
# text = He sprang over the wooden threshold at the last moment, so the hammer hurled by his father-in-law flew harmlessly past and struck the wall of the house behind him
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sprang	spring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	threshold	threshold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	hammer	hammer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	hurled	hurl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
16	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
23	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
24	harmlessly	harmlessly	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	past	past	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	struck	strike	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
33	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spring** | past | He |  |  | the wooden threshold | moment |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over threshold=Trajectory |
| 2 | **hurl** | participle | the hammer |  |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fly** | past | his father in law |  |  |  |  | past *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **strike** | past | his father in law *not said here* | the wall of the house |  |  |  | behind father | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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