---
title: Why does the monkey decline to walk onward with the puma when the pu… — South American Tales, The Puma and the… · tree and pragmatics
description: Why does the monkey decline to walk onward with the puma when the puma threatens him? Exam question 4 of lesson 1261 «South American Tales, The Puma and the Monkey, part 62: the puma tricks the stag, the stag is framed for theft, the monkey outwits the puma» of the books course of Mova's primary sch
---

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# Exam question 4 · South American Tales, The Puma and the Monkey, part 62: th…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why does the monkey decline to walk onward with the puma when the puma threatens him?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** monkey decline, puma · **What happens:** walk, threaten · **To what, where:** decline

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 1261 «South American Tales, The Puma and the Monkey, part 62: the puma tricks the stag, the stag is framed for theft, the monkey outwits the puma» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1261-pg3282-part62/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1261-pg3282-part62:e4:1
# text = Why does the monkey decline to walk onward with the puma when the puma threatens him?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	monkey	monkey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	decline	decline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	onward	onward	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	puma	puma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	15	mark	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	puma	puma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	threatens	threaten	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | present · do-support | the monkey decline |  |  |  |  | with the puma; onward *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **threaten** | present | the puma | decline |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Because the puma talks nonsense

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1261-pg3282-part62:e4:o1:1
# text = Because the puma talks nonsense
1	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	puma	puma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	talks	talk	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	nonsense	nonsense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | present | the puma | nonsense |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent nonsense=Patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Because he sees the puma's plan and wants to warn the stag at home

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1261-pg3282-part62:e4:o2:1
# text = Because he sees the puma's plan and wants to warn the stag at home
1	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sees	see	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	puma	puma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	warn	warn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	stag	stag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present | he | the puma's plan |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer plan=Stimulus |
| 2 | **want** | present | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **warn** *speech: warn* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | he *not said here* | the stag |  | home |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent stag=Recipient |
| 4 | **plan** |  | the puma |  |  |  |  |  | nom plan «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Because he sees the trick now

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1261-pg3282-part62:e4:o3:1
# text = Because he sees the trick now
1	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sees	see	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present | he | the trick |  |  | now |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer trick=Stimulus |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Because the puma keeps talking nonsense about the sheep and the stag

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1261-pg3282-part62:e4:o4:1
# text = Because the puma keeps talking nonsense about the sheep and the stag
1	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	puma	puma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	talking	talk	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	nonsense	nonsense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	stag	stag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | the puma |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **talk** | gerund | the puma *not said here* | nonsense |  |  |  | about the sheep and the stag | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [South American Tales, The Puma and the…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1261-pg3282-part62/e3/)
- next →: [Lang Fairy Tales, The Knights of the F…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1262-pg3282-part63/t1/)
- ↑ back to [South American Tales, The Puma and the Monkey, part 62: the puma tricks the stag, the stag is framed for theft, the monkey outwits the puma](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1261-pg3282-part62/)