---
title: In the passage, to whom does Iktomi address his prayer, and what off… — Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Duc… · tree and pragmatics
description: In the passage, to whom does Iktomi address his prayer, and what offering does he make in return? Exam question 2 of lesson 1265 «Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Ducks, the tree, the wolves and the blanket» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of t
---

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# Exam question 2 · Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Ducks, the tree, the wo…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the passage, to whom does Iktomi address his prayer, and what offering does he make in return?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Iktomi, offering · **What happens:** address, make, pray · **To what, where:** prayer, passage, return

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 1265 «Old Indian Legends, Iktomi and the Ducks, the tree, the wolves and the blanket» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1265-pg338-part2/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1265-pg338-part2:e2:1
# text = In the passage, to whom does Iktomi address his prayer, and what offering does he make in return?
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	address	address	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	16	obj	_	_
15	offering	offering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **address** | present · do-support | Iktomi | Iktomi's prayer |  | the passage |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prayer=Destination |
| 2 | **make** | present · do-support | offering |  |  | return |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **pray** |  | Iktomi |  |  |  |  |  | nom prayer «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To a sacred tree, with a bundle of dried meat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1265-pg338-part2:e2:o1:1
# text = To a sacred tree, with a bundle of dried meat
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	sacred	sacred	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bundle	bundle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To the spirit of the western sky, offering a new buffalo robe, a pipe, and his finest painted shield

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1265-pg338-part2:e2:o2:1
# text = To the spirit of the western sky, offering a new buffalo robe, a pipe, and his finest painted shield
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	offering	offer	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	buffalo	buffalo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	robe	robe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	pipe	pipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
20	finest	fine	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	21	advmod	_	_
21	painted	paint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	amod	_	_
22	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | gerund | the spirit of the western sky and his painted shield *not said here* | a new buffalo robe |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent robe=Theme |
| 2 | **paint** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | fine *property* | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To Inyan, the sacred stone, with his half-worn blanket

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1265-pg338-part2:e2:o3:1
# text = To Inyan, the sacred stone, with his half-worn blanket
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Inyan	Inyan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sacred	sacred	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
10	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	worn	worn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	blanket	blanket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To Inyan, the great-grandfather stone at the ravine, offering his beautiful half-worn blanket with prayers

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1265-pg338-part2:e2:o4:1
# text = To Inyan, the great-grandfather stone at the ravine, offering his beautiful half-worn blanket with prayers
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Inyan	Inyan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ravine	ravine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	offering	offer	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
15	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
16	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	18	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	amod	_	_
19	blanket	blanket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	prayers	prayer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | gerund | the great grandfather stone at the ravine *not said here* | Inyan's beautiful worn blanket |  |  |  | with prayers | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent blanket=Theme |
| 2 | **wear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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