---
title: By what means did Iktomi immobilise the avenger upon the tree? — Old Indian Legends, The Magic Arrow, p… · tree and pragmatics
description: By what means did Iktomi immobilise the avenger upon the tree? Exam question 1 of lesson 1270 «Old Indian Legends, The Magic Arrow, part 7: Iktomi tricks the avenger into the tree» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each optio
---

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# Exam question 1 · Old Indian Legends, The Magic Arrow, part 7: Iktomi tricks…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By what means did Iktomi immobilise the avenger upon the tree?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Iktomi · **What happens:** mean, immobilise · **To what, where:** avenger

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 1270 «Old Indian Legends, The Magic Arrow, part 7: Iktomi tricks the avenger into the tree» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1270-pg338-part7/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1270-pg338-part7:e1:1
# text = By what means did Iktomi immobilise the avenger upon the tree?
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	obl	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	Iktomi	Iktomi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	immobilise	immobilise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	avenger	avenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **immobilise** | past · do-support | Iktomi | the avenger |  |  |  | upon the tree | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He uttered charm words causing the man to adhere to the bark

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1270-pg338-part7:e1:o1:1
# text = He uttered charm words causing the man to adhere to the bark
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	uttered	utter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	charm	charm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	causing	cause	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	adhere	adhere	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **utter** *speech: other* | past | He | charm words |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent word=Topic |
| 2 | **cause** | gerund | charm words *not said here* | the man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **adhere** | to-infinitive | the man *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the bark | vn cling-22.5 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to bark=Co-Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He cast a spell that froze the man in place

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1270-pg338-part7:e1:o2:1
# text = He cast a spell that froze the man in place
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cast	cast	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	spell	spell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	froze	freeze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cast** | past | He | a spell |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spell=Product |
| 2 | **freeze** | past | a spell | the man |  | place |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient man=Result |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He pressed his hands to the trunk and sang charm words while the young man's buckskins fused to the bark of the tree

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1270-pg338-part7:e1:o3:1
# text = He pressed his hands to the trunk and sang charm words while the young man's buckskins fused to the bark of the tree
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pressed	press	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	trunk	trunk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	charm	charm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	buckskins	buckskin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	fused	fuse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **press** | past | He | his hands |  |  |  | to the trunk | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | He *not said here* | charm words |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location word=Theme |
| 3 | **fuse** | past | the young man's buckskins |  |  |  |  | to the bark of the tree | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient to bark=Co-Patient |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He muttered charm words over the young man, which made his body stick firmly to the rough bark of the tree and refuse to let go

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1270-pg338-part7:e1:o4:1
# text = He muttered charm words over the young man, which made his body stick firmly to the rough bark of the tree and refuse to let go
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	muttered	mutter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	charm	charm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	firmly	firmly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	refuse	refuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	xcomp	_	_
27	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mutter** *speech: assert* | past | He | charm words |  |  |  | over the young man | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | past | the young man | man's body stick |  |  |  | to the rough bark of the tree | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset stick=Product |
| 3 | **refuse** | infinitive | the young man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **let** | to-infinitive | the young man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **go** | infinitive | the young man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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