---
title: By what means did the Shifty Lad indicate to the Black Rogue that he… — Celtic Fairy Tales, The Shifty Lad, pa… · tree and pragmatics
description: By what means did the Shifty Lad indicate to the Black Rogue that he wished to be lowered? Exam question 2 of lesson 1278 «Celtic Fairy Tales, The Shifty Lad, part 3: tricks on the shepherd, then the Black Rogue hangs» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragma
---

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# Exam question 2 · Celtic Fairy Tales, The Shifty Lad, part 3: tricks on the…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By what means did the Shifty Lad indicate to the Black Rogue that he wished to be lowered?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** he · **What happens:** mean, do, indicate, wish, lower · **To what, where:** Shifty Lad · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 1278 «Celtic Fairy Tales, The Shifty Lad, part 3: tricks on the shepherd, then the Black Rogue hangs» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1278-pg3454-part3/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1278-pg3454-part3:e2:1
# text = By what means did the Shifty Lad indicate to the Black Rogue that he wished to be lowered?
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
4	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Shifty	shifty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Lad	Lad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	indicate	indicate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Black	Black	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Rogue	Rogue	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	wished	wish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	lowered	lower	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** | past |  | the Shifty Lad |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lad=Eventuality |
| 3 | **indicate** | present |  |  |  |  |  | to the Black Rogue | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to rogue=Experiencer |
| 4 | **wish** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 5 | **lower** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive · passive | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
by shaking his legs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1278-pg3454-part3:e2:o1:1
# text = by shaking his legs
1	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	shaking	shake	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shake** | gerund |  | his legs |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent leg=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
by stamping boots

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1278-pg3454-part3:e2:o2:1
# text = by stamping boots
1	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stamping	stamp	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stamp** | gerund |  | boots |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent boot=Destination |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
by waving

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1278-pg3454-part3:e2:o3:1
# text = by waving
1	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	waving	wave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wave** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
by nodding

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1278-pg3454-part3:e2:o4:1
# text = by nodding
1	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	nodding	nod	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **nod** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Celtic Fairy Tales, The Shifty Lad, pa…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1278-pg3454-part3/e1/)
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- ↑ back to [Celtic Fairy Tales, The Shifty Lad, part 3: tricks on the shepherd, then the Black Rogue hangs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1278-pg3454-part3/)