---
title: With reference to the passage, state the function of the porter's re… — Mabinogion, Culhwch and Olwen, part 64… · tree and pragmatics
description: With reference to the passage, state the function of the porter's refusal to admit visitors. Exam question 1 of lesson 1339 «Mabinogion, Culhwch and Olwen, part 64: Kai talks his way past the gate to polish a giant's sword» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and p
---

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# Exam question 1 · Mabinogion, Culhwch and Olwen, part 64: Kai talks his way…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With reference to the passage, state the function of the porter's refusal to admit visitors.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, porter · **What happens:** state, admit, refuse · **To what, where:** function, visitors

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 1339 «Mabinogion, Culhwch and Olwen, part 64: Kai talks his way past the gate to polish a giant's sword» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1339-pg3454-part64/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1339-pg3454-part64:e1:1
# text = With reference to the passage, state the function of the porter's refusal to admit visitors.
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	reference	reference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	state	state	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	function	function	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	porter	porter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	refusal	refusal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	admit	admit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
17	visitors	visitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* | the function of the porter's refusal |  |  |  | with reference to the passage | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent function=Topic |
| 2 | **admit** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | visitors |  |  |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent visitor=Theme |
| 3 | **refuse** |  | the porter |  |  |  |  |  | nom refusal «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It shows the porter is rude

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1339-pg3454-part64:e1:o1:1
# text = It shows the porter is rude
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	porter	porter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the porter |  |  |  |  | rude *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It proves the castle gate is strong and well made

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1339-pg3454-part64:e1:o2:1
# text = It proves the castle gate is strong and well made
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	proves	prove	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	_
10	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prove** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the castle gate |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | participle | the castle gate *not said here* |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It shows the porter is afraid of the giant's wrath

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1339-pg3454-part64:e1:o3:1
# text = It shows the porter is afraid of the giant's wrath
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	porter	porter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	wrath	wrath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the porter |  |  |  |  | of the giant's wrath; afraid *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It establishes the rule that only craftsmen may enter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1339-pg3454-part64:e1:o4:1
# text = It establishes the rule that only craftsmen may enter
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	establishes	establish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obj	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	craftsmen	craftsman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	enter	enter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | present | It | the rule |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient |
| 2 | **enter** | may | craftsmen | the rule |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme that=Destination |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Mabinogion, Culhwch and Olwen, part 64…, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1339-pg3454-part64/t12/)
- next →: [Mabinogion, Culhwch and Olwen, part 64…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1339-pg3454-part64/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Mabinogion, Culhwch and Olwen, part 64: Kai talks his way past the gate to polish a giant's sword](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1339-pg3454-part64/)