---
title: With reference to the passage, identify the means by which Kai gains… — Mabinogion, Culhwch and Olwen, part 64… · tree and pragmatics
description: With reference to the passage, identify the means by which Kai gains admission to the castle. Exam question 2 of lesson 1339 «Mabinogion, Culhwch and Olwen, part 64: Kai talks his way past the gate to polish a giant's sword» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and 
---

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# Exam question 2 · Mabinogion, Culhwch and Olwen, part 64: Kai talks his way…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With reference to the passage, identify the means by which Kai gains admission to the castle.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, the · **What happens:** identify, mean, gain · **To what, where:** admission · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 1339 «Mabinogion, Culhwch and Olwen, part 64: Kai talks his way past the gate to polish a giant's sword» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1339-pg3454-part64/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1339-pg3454-part64:e2:1
# text = With reference to the passage, identify the means by which Kai gains admission to the castle.
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	reference	reference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	nsubj	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
10	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
12	Kai	Kai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	gains	gain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
14	admission	admission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with reference to the passage | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present | the |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **gain** | present |  | admission |  |  |  | to the castle *result* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient admission=Extent to castle=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He claims skill as a burnisher of swords

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1339-pg3454-part64:e2:o1:1
# text = He claims skill as a burnisher of swords
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	claims	claim	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	burnisher	burnisher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	swords	sword	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **claim** *speech: other* | present | He | skill |  |  |  | as a burnisher of swords | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent skill=Topic |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He tells the porter that he is a king's messenger carrying a letter from Arthur to the giant himself

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1339-pg3454-part64:e2:o2:1
# text = He tells the porter that he is a king's messenger carrying a letter from Arthur to the giant himself
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	porter	porter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	messenger	messenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	_
12	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Arthur	Arthur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	advcl	_	_
20	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	19	nsubj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | He | the porter |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent porter=Recipient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | he | a king's messenger |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **carry** | gerund | a king's messenger *not said here* | a letter |  | Arthur |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent letter=Theme from arthur=Initial\_Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He claims skill as a burnisher of swords and begs the porter to let him in before the night falls

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1339-pg3454-part64:e2:o3:1
# text = He claims skill as a burnisher of swords and begs the porter to let him in before the night falls
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	claims	claim	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	burnisher	burnisher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	swords	sword	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	begs	beg	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	porter	porter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
17	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	falls	fall	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **claim** *speech: other* | present | He | skill |  |  |  | as a burnisher of swords | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent skill=Topic |
| 2 | **beg** *speech: request* | present | He *not said here* | the porter |  |  |  |  | vn beg-58.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent porter=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **let in** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the porter *not said here* | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 4 | **fall** | present | the night |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He tricks the porter with a false name

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1339-pg3454-part64:e2:o4:1
# text = He tricks the porter with a false name
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tricks	trick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	porter	porter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trick** | present | He | the porter |  |  |  | with a false name | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent porter=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- next →: [Mabinogion, Culhwch and Olwen, part 64…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1339-pg3454-part64/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Mabinogion, Culhwch and Olwen, part 64: Kai talks his way past the gate to polish a giant's sword](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1339-pg3454-part64/)