---
title: Which of the following accurately describes the reason the old man p… — Japanese Fairy Tales, Momotaro, part 4… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following accurately describes the reason the old man permitted Momotaro to depart from the household? Exam question 1 of lesson 1380 «Japanese Fairy Tales, Momotaro, part 40: Momotaro leaves home and gains a dog» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree an
---

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# Exam question 1 · Japanese Fairy Tales, Momotaro, part 40: Momotaro leaves h…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following accurately describes the reason the old man permitted Momotaro to depart from the household?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, describe, permit, depart · **To what, where:** Momotaro, household

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 1380 «Japanese Fairy Tales, Momotaro, part 40: Momotaro leaves home and gains a dog» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1380-pg4018-part40/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1380-pg4018-part40:e1:1
# text = Which of the following accurately describes the reason the old man permitted Momotaro to depart from the household?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
5	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	permitted	permit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	Momotaro	Momotaro	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	depart	depart	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	household	household	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **describe** | present |  |  |  |  |  | accurately *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **permit** | past |  | Momotaro |  |  |  | of the reason | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer momotaro=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **depart** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the household |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from household=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was persuaded the boy could not be harmed by the demons, so he gave him rice cakes and waved goodbye

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1380-pg4018-part40:e1:o1:1
# text = He was persuaded the boy could not be harmed by the demons, so he gave him rice cakes and waved goodbye
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	persuaded	persuade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	harmed	harm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	demons	demon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	so	so	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	iobj	_	_
18	rice	rice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	cakes	cake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	waved	wave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
22	goodbye	goodbye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **persuade** | past · passive |  | He |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **harm** | could · passive | the demons | the boy |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |
| 3 | **give** | past | boy | rice cakes | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient cake=Theme |
| 4 | **wave** | past | boy *not said here* | goodbye |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goodbye=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was persuaded the boy could not be harmed by the demons, and he wanted the boy to succeed in his quest

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1380-pg4018-part40:e1:o2:1
# text = He was persuaded the boy could not be harmed by the demons, and he wanted the boy to succeed in his quest
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	persuaded	persuade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	harmed	harm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	demons	demon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	wanted	want	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	succeed	succeed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	quest	quest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **persuade** | past · passive |  | He |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **harm** | could · passive | the demons | the boy |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |
| 3 | **want** | past | boy | the boy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **succeed** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the boy *not said here* |  |  | boy's quest |  |  | vn succeed-74-1 «NP V PP.eventuality S\_ING»: agent=Agent in quest=Eventuality |
| 5 | **quest** |  | boy |  |  |  |  |  | nom quest «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He thought the monsters were not a real threat to the boy

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1380-pg4018-part40:e1:o3:1
# text = He thought the monsters were not a real threat to the boy
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	monsters	monster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	threat	threat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | past | the monsters | a real threat |  |  |  | to the boy | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was persuaded the boy could not be harmed by the demons

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1380-pg4018-part40:e1:o4:1
# text = He was persuaded the boy could not be harmed by the demons
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	persuaded	persuade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	harmed	harm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	demons	demon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **persuade** | past · passive |  | He |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **harm** | could · passive | the demons | the boy |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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