---
title: By what means did the Mermaid render the counterfeit monarch lifelike? — Yellow Fairy Book, The Yellow Dwarf, p… · tree and pragmatics
description: By what means did the Mermaid render the counterfeit monarch lifelike? Exam question 3 of lesson 1425 «Yellow Fairy Book, The Yellow Dwarf, part 12: the Mermaid's trick, the diamond sword, and the King's fight to reach Bellissima» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tre
---

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# Exam question 3 · Yellow Fairy Book, The Yellow Dwarf, part 12: the Mermaid'…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By what means did the Mermaid render the counterfeit monarch lifelike?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** mean, do, render · **To what, where:** Mermaid, monarch lifelike · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 1425 «Yellow Fairy Book, The Yellow Dwarf, part 12: the Mermaid's trick, the diamond sword, and the King's fight to reach Bellissima» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1425-pg503-part12/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1425-pg503-part12:e3:1
# text = By what means did the Mermaid render the counterfeit monarch lifelike?
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
4	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Mermaid	Mermaid	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	render	render	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	counterfeit	counterfeit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	monarch	monarch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	lifelike	lifelike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** | past |  | the Mermaid |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mermaid=Eventuality |
| 3 | **render** | present |  | the monarch lifelike |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lifelike=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By blowing upon the sea-weed three times and speaking a spell

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1425-pg503-part12:e3:o1:1
# text = By blowing upon the sea-weed three times and speaking a spell
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	blowing	blow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	weed	weed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	spell	spell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | gerund |  |  |  |  | time | upon the sea weed | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  | a spell |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By blowing upon the sea-weed three times and calling its name aloud at dusk

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1425-pg503-part12:e3:o2:1
# text = By blowing upon the sea-weed three times and calling its name aloud at dusk
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	blowing	blow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	weed	weed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	calling	call	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	dusk	dusk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | gerund |  |  |  |  | time | upon the sea weed | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **call** | gerund |  | weed's name |  |  | dusk | aloud *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent name=Recipient |
| 3 | **name** |  | weed |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By singing to the sea-weed nymphs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1425-pg503-part12:e3:o3:1
# text = By singing to the sea-weed nymphs
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	weed	weed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	nymphs	nymph	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund |  |  | the weed nymphs |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to nymph=Recipient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By blowing upon the sea-weed three times and issuing a command

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1425-pg503-part12:e3:o4:1
# text = By blowing upon the sea-weed three times and issuing a command
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	blowing	blow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	weed	weed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	issuing	issue	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	command	command	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | gerund |  |  |  |  | time | upon the sea weed | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **issue** | gerund |  | a command |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location command=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Yellow Fairy Book, The Yellow Dwarf, p…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1425-pg503-part12/e2/)
- next →: [Yellow Fairy Book, The Yellow Dwarf, p…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1425-pg503-part12/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Yellow Fairy Book, The Yellow Dwarf, part 12: the Mermaid's trick, the diamond sword, and the King's fight to reach Bellissima](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1425-pg503-part12/)