---
title: By what means does the Trumpeter encourage his comrades in the van o… — Aesop's Fables, The Lion and the Ass,… · tree and pragmatics
description: By what means does the Trumpeter encourage his comrades in the van of the army? Exam question 1 of lesson 144 «Aesop's Fables, The Lion and the Ass, part 14: a boastful Ass, a robbed Prophet, and other clever beasts» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmati
---

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# Exam question 1 · Aesop's Fables, The Lion and the Ass, part 14: a boastful…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By what means does the Trumpeter encourage his comrades in the van of the army?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Trumpeter · **What happens:** mean, encourage · **To what, where:** comrades, van

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 144 «Aesop's Fables, The Lion and the Ass, part 14: a boastful Ass, a robbed Prophet, and other clever beasts» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/144-pg11339-part14/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:144-pg11339-part14:e1:1
# text = By what means does the Trumpeter encourage his comrades in the van of the army?
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	obl	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
4	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Trumpeter	Trumpeter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	encourage	encourage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	comrades	comrade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	van	van	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **encourage** | present · do-support | the Trumpeter | Trumpeter's comrades |  | the van of the army |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent comrade=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By sounding martial notes on his horn

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:144-pg11339-part14:e1:o1:1
# text = By sounding martial notes on his horn
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	sounding	sound	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	martial	martial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	horn	horn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | gerund |  | martial notes |  | his horn |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location note=Theme |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By playing warlike tunes upon his trumpet

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:144-pg11339-part14:e1:o2:1
# text = By playing warlike tunes upon his trumpet
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	playing	play	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
3	warlike	warlike	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	tunes	tune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	trumpet	trumpet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | gerund |  | warlike tunes |  |  |  | upon his trumpet | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tune=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By playing warlike tunes upon his trumpet, so that the men in the van rush forward bravely

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:144-pg11339-part14:e1:o3:1
# text = By playing warlike tunes upon his trumpet, so that the men in the van rush forward bravely
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	playing	play	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
3	warlike	warlike	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	tunes	tune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	trumpet	trumpet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
9	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	van	van	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	rush	rush	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	bravely	bravely	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | gerund | the men in the van *not said here* | warlike tunes |  |  |  | upon his trumpet | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tune=Theme |
| 2 | **rush** | present | the men in the van |  |  |  |  | bravely, forward *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By playing warlike tunes upon his trumpet to cheer on the soldiers at the front

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:144-pg11339-part14:e1:o4:1
# text = By playing warlike tunes upon his trumpet to cheer on the soldiers at the front
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	playing	play	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
3	warlike	warlike	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	tunes	tune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	trumpet	trumpet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	cheer	cheer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | gerund |  | warlike tunes |  |  |  | upon his trumpet | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tune=Theme |
| 2 | **cheer** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the soldiers |  | at the front | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Aesop's Fables, The Lion and the Ass,…, test 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/144-pg11339-part14/t13/)
- next →: [Aesop's Fables, The Lion and the Ass,…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/144-pg11339-part14/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Aesop's Fables, The Lion and the Ass, part 14: a boastful Ass, a robbed Prophet, and other clever beasts](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/144-pg11339-part14/)