---
title: Which fable's moral, expressed in the proper form, concerns the ingr… — Aesop's Fables, The Stag and the Vine,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which fable's moral, expressed in the proper form, concerns the ingratitude of a creature that betrays its protector, and by what means is that creature dispatched? Exam question 1 of lesson 148 «Aesop's Fables, The Stag and the Vine, part 18: beasts are tricked, shot, or betrayed, and each fable te
---

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# Exam question 1 · Aesop's Fables, The Stag and the Vine, part 18: beasts are…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which fable's moral, expressed in the proper form, concerns the ingratitude of a creature that betrays its protector, and by what means is that creature dispatched?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** moral, creature · **What happens:** express, concern, betray, mean, dispatch · **To what, where:** moral, proper form, ingratitude, protector, creature · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 148 «Aesop's Fables, The Stag and the Vine, part 18: beasts are tricked, shot, or betrayed, and each fable teaches a lesson» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/148-pg11339-part18/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:148-pg11339-part18:e1:1
# text = Which fable's moral, expressed in the proper form, concerns the ingratitude of a creature that betrays its protector, and by what means is that creature dispatched?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	fable	fable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	moral	moral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	expressed	express	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	proper	proper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
12	concerns	concern	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ingratitude	ingratitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	creature	creature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	betrays	betray	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
20	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	protector	protector	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	by	by	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	26	nsubj	_	_
26	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	parataxis	_	_
27	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
29	creature	creature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
30	dispatched	dispatch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **express** | participle |  | which fable's moral *not said here* |  | the proper form |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **concern** | present | which fable's moral | the ingratitude of a creature |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus ingratitude=Experiencer |
| 3 | **betray** | present | a creature | moral's protector |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **dispatch** | present · passive |  | creature |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An arrow shot at random into the foliage pierced the Stag to the heart

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:148-pg11339-part18:e1:o1:1
# text = An arrow shot at random into the foliage pierced the Stag to the heart
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	arrow	arrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	shot	shot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	random	random	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	foliage	foliage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
9	pierced	pierce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Stag	stag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pierce** | past | a arrow shot at random into the foliage | the Stag |  |  |  | to the heart | vn poke-19-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stag=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An arrow was shot into the thick foliage by a hunter who could not see, and it pierced the Stag in the side as he stood beneath the vine

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:148-pg11339-part18:e1:o2:1
# text = An arrow was shot into the thick foliage by a hunter who could not see, and it pierced the Stag in the side as he stood beneath the vine
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	arrow	arrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	shot	shoot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	foliage	foliage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	hunter	hunter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
13	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	pierced	pierce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Stag	Stag	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
25	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
26	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl	_	_
28	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	vine	vine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shoot** | past · passive | a hunter | a arrow |  | the thick foliage |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent subject=Theme into foliage=Destination |
| 2 | **not** **see** | could | a hunter |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **pierce** | past | arrow | the Stag |  | the side |  |  | vn poke-19-1 «NP V NP PP.patient»: agent=Agent stag=Instrument |
| 4 | **stand** | past | he |  |  | the vine |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beneath vine=Location |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Stag was caught by hunters who followed the trail of leaves through the vine and the thick undergrowth

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:148-pg11339-part18:e1:o3:1
# text = The Stag was caught by hunters who followed the trail of leaves through the vine and the thick undergrowth
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Stag	Stag	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	hunters	hunter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	followed	follow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	trail	trail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	through	through	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	vine	vine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	undergrowth	undergrowth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | past · passive | hunters | the Stag |  | the vine and the thick undergrowth |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **follow** | past | hunters | the trail of leaves |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trail=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hound found the Stag hidden in the thicket and dragged him from the bushes out onto the open path

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:148-pg11339-part18:e1:o4:1
# text = A hound found the Stag hidden in the thicket and dragged him from the bushes out onto the open path
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hound	hound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Stag	stag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	hidden	hide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	thicket	thicket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	dragged	drag	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	bushes	bush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
16	out	out	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
17	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | a hound | the Stag |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stag=Topic |
| 2 | **hide** | participle |  | the Stag *not said here* |  | the thicket |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in thicket=Location |
| 3 | **drag** | past | a hound *not said here* | hound |  | the bushes |  | onto the open path; out *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent he=Theme from bush=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Aesop's Fables, The Stag and the Vine,…, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/148-pg11339-part18/t11/)
- next →: [Aesop's Fables, The Stag and the Vine,…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/148-pg11339-part18/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Aesop's Fables, The Stag and the Vine, part 18: beasts are tricked, shot, or betrayed, and each fable teaches a lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/148-pg11339-part18/)