---
title: Identify the principal moral conveyed by the fable in which the dolp… — Aesop's Fables, The Monkey and the Dol… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal moral conveyed by the fable in which the dolphin dives beneath the surface. Exam question 2 of lesson 153 «Aesop's Fables, The Monkey and the Dolphin: a pet monkey is carried ashore on a dolphin's back, then lies about his family and drowns.» of the books course of Mova's prim
---

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# Exam question 2 · Aesop's Fables, The Monkey and the Dolphin: a pet monkey i…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal moral conveyed by the fable in which the dolphin dives beneath the surface.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, dolphin · **What happens:** identify, convey, dive · **To what, where:** principal moral

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 153 «Aesop's Fables, The Monkey and the Dolphin: a pet monkey is carried ashore on a dolphin's back, then lies about his family and drowns.» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/153-pg11339-part23/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:153-pg11339-part23:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal moral conveyed by the fable in which the dolphin dives beneath the surface.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	moral	moral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	conveyed	convey	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fable	fable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	dives	dive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
14	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal moral |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent moral=Theme |
| 2 | **convey** | participle |  | the principal moral *not said here* |  |  |  | by the fable | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **dive** | present | the dolphin |  |  |  |  | beneath the surface; in the fable | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in which=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flattery of the powerful always leads to ruin in the end

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:153-pg11339-part23:e2:o1:1
# text = Flattery of the powerful always leads to ruin in the end
1	Flattery	flattery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	nmod	_	_
5	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	6	advmod	_	_
6	leads	lead	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	ruin	ruin	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | present | Flattery of the powerful |  |  |  |  | always *property* | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Result |
| 2 | **ruin** | to-infinitive | Flattery of the powerful *not said here* |  |  |  | in the end |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Friends are loyal in trouble

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:153-pg11339-part23:e2:o2:1
# text = Friends are loyal in trouble
1	Friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	loyal	loyal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Friends |  |  | trouble |  | loyal *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Deceit is punished when it is detected

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:153-pg11339-part23:e2:o3:1
# text = Deceit is punished when it is detected
1	Deceit	deceit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	punished	punish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	detected	detect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **punish** | present · passive |  | Deceit |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **detect** | present · passive |  | Deceit |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Those who pretend to be friends will be thrown off the ship

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:153-pg11339-part23:e2:o4:1
# text = Those who pretend to be friends will be thrown off the ship
1	Those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pretend	pretend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	xcomp	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	thrown	throw	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	off	off	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pretend** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | friends |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **throw off** | future · passive |  | Those |  |  |  | off the ship | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Destination ship=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Aesop's Fables, The Monkey and the Dol…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/153-pg11339-part23/e1/)
- next →: [Aesop's Fables, The Monkey and the Dol…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/153-pg11339-part23/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Aesop's Fables, The Monkey and the Dolphin: a pet monkey is carried ashore on a dolphin's back, then lies about his family and drowns.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/153-pg11339-part23/)