---
title: Which of the following accurately identifies the means by which the… — Aesop's Fables, The Wily Lion, part 24… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following accurately identifies the means by which the Lion obtained the Bull's loss of defence? Exam question 1 of lesson 154 «Aesop's Fables, The Wily Lion, part 24: a lion tricks a bull, a parrot scolds a cat, a stag and a sick man get their comeuppance» of the books course of Mova's
---

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# Exam question 1 · Aesop's Fables, The Wily Lion, part 24: a lion tricks a bu…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following accurately identifies the means by which the Lion obtained the Bull's loss of defence?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** the, Lion · **What happens:** follow, identify, mean, obtain · **To what, where:** loss · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 154 «Aesop's Fables, The Wily Lion, part 24: a lion tricks a bull, a parrot scolds a cat, a stag and a sick man get their comeuppance» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/154-pg11339-part24/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:154-pg11339-part24:e1:1
# text = Which of the following accurately identifies the means by which the Lion obtained the Bull's loss of defence?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	identifies	identify	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	nsubj	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Lion	Lion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	obtained	obtain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Bull	Bull	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	defence	defence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **identify** | present |  |  |  |  |  | accurately *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **mean** | present | the |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **obtain** | past | the Lion | the Bull's loss of defence |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent loss=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
by threats, persuading the Bull to keep his horns

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:154-pg11339-part24:e1:o1:1
# text = by threats, persuading the Bull to keep his horns
1	by	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	threats	threat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	persuading	persuade	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Bull	bull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **persuade** | gerund | threats *not said here* | the Bull |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bull=Patient |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive | threats *not said here* | Bull's horns |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
by flattery, persuading the Bull to remove his horns and then attacking him when he was defenceless

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:154-pg11339-part24:e1:o2:1
# text = by flattery, persuading the Bull to remove his horns and then attacking him when he was defenceless
1	by	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	flattery	flattery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	persuading	persuade	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Bull	bull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	remove	remove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	13	advmod	_	_
13	attacking	attack	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	defenceless	defenceless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **persuade** | gerund | flattery *not said here* | the Bull |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bull=Patient |
| 2 | **remove** | to-infinitive | flattery *not said here* | Bull's horns |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Theme |
| 3 | **attack** | gerund |  | Bull |  |  | then |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient |
| 4 | **is** | past | Bull |  |  |  |  | defenceless *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
by flattery and sweet words, persuading the Bull to remove his horns for the sake of his looks

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:154-pg11339-part24:e1:o3:1
# text = by flattery and sweet words, persuading the Bull to remove his horns for the sake of his looks
1	by	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	flattery	flattery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	persuading	persuade	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Bull	bull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	remove	remove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sake	sake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	looks	look	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **persuade** | gerund |  | the Bull |  |  |  | by flattery and sweet words | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bull=Patient |
| 2 | **remove** | to-infinitive |  | Bull's horns |  |  |  | for the sake of Bull's looks | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
by flattery, persuading the Bull to remove his horns

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:154-pg11339-part24:e1:o4:1
# text = by flattery, persuading the Bull to remove his horns
1	by	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	flattery	flattery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	persuading	persuade	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Bull	bull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	remove	remove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	horns	horn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **persuade** | gerund | flattery *not said here* | the Bull |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bull=Patient |
| 2 | **remove** | to-infinitive | flattery *not said here* | Bull's horns |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horn=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Aesop's Fables, The Wily Lion, part 24…, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/154-pg11339-part24/t12/)
- next →: [Aesop's Fables, The Wily Lion, part 24…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/154-pg11339-part24/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Aesop's Fables, The Wily Lion, part 24: a lion tricks a bull, a parrot scolds a cat, a stag and a sick man get their comeuppance](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/154-pg11339-part24/)