---
title: Which of the following best describes the means by which the Enchant… — Yellow Fairy Book, Prince Peerless, pa… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following best describes the means by which the Enchanter transformed the Princess into a grasshopper? Exam question 1 of lesson 1557 «Yellow Fairy Book, Prince Peerless, part 54: the Princess is turned into a grasshopper, and the Prince refuses the Fairy's offer» of the books course of
---

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# Exam question 1 · Yellow Fairy Book, Prince Peerless, part 54: the Princess…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following best describes the means by which the Enchanter transformed the Princess into a grasshopper?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** the, Enchanter · **What happens:** follow, describe, mean, transform · **To what, where:** Princess · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 1557 «Yellow Fairy Book, Prince Peerless, part 54: the Princess is turned into a grasshopper, and the Prince refuses the Fairy's offer» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1557-pg540-part54/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1557-pg540-part54:e1:1
# text = Which of the following best describes the means by which the Enchanter transformed the Princess into a grasshopper?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	obj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	case	_	_
5	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	nmod	_	_
6	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	nsubj	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Enchanter	Enchanter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	transformed	transform	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Princess	Princess	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	into	into	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	grasshopper	grasshopper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **describe** | present | the *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of the best | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent which=Theme |
| 3 | **mean** | present | the |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **transform** | past | the Enchanter | the Princess |  |  |  | into a grasshopper *result* | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent princess=Patient into grasshopper=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He touched her and pronounced that she should become a creature neither fish nor fowl, and she shrank to a green insect

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1557-pg540-part54:e1:o1:1
# text = He touched her and pronounced that she should become a creature neither fish nor fowl, and she shrank to a green insect
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	touched	touch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	pronounced	pronounce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	creature	creature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	xcomp	_	_
12	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	13	cc:preconj	_	_
13	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	15	cc	_	_
15	fowl	fowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	shrank	shrink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **touch** | past | He | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme she=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **pronounce** | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **become** | should | she | a creature  fish nor fowl |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **shrink** | past | she |  |  |  |  | to a green insect *result* | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent to insect=Result |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He touched her and pronounced that she should become a creature neither fish nor fowl

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1557-pg540-part54:e1:o2:1
# text = He touched her and pronounced that she should become a creature neither fish nor fowl
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	touched	touch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	pronounced	pronounce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	creature	creature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	xcomp	_	_
12	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	13	cc:preconj	_	_
13	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	15	cc	_	_
15	fowl	fowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **touch** | past | He | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme she=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **pronounce** | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **become** | should | she | a creature neither fish nor fowl |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He tapped her with his snake whip and said she should become a bird of the wood

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1557-pg540-part54:e1:o3:1
# text = He tapped her with his snake whip and said she should become a bird of the wood
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tapped	tap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	snake	snake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	ccomp	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	xcomp	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tap** | past | He | her *= she* |  |  |  | with his snake whip | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent she=Patient with whip=Instrument |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **become** | should | she | a bird of the wood |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He touched her with his whip made of snakes and pronounced that she should become a creature neither fish nor fowl at once

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1557-pg540-part54:e1:o4:1
# text = He touched her with his whip made of snakes and pronounced that she should become a creature neither fish nor fowl at once
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	touched	touch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	whip	whip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	snakes	snake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	pronounced	pronounce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	creature	creature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	xcomp	_	_
18	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	19	cc:preconj	_	_
19	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
20	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	21	cc	_	_
21	fowl	fowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
22	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	15	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **touch** | past | He | her *= she* |  |  |  | with his whip | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent she=Experiencer with whip=Instrument |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | his whip *not said here* |  |  |  | of snakes | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **pronounce** | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **become** | should | she | a creature neither fish nor fowl |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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