---
title: Which faculty enabled the youth to comprehend the avian discourse ov… — Household Tales, The Youth and the Wit… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which faculty enabled the youth to comprehend the avian discourse overheard in the forest? Exam question 1 of lesson 1680 «Household Tales, The Youth and the Witch-maiden, part 4: the birds lead him to the moonlit spring» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pra
---

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# Exam question 1 · Household Tales, The Youth and the Witch-maiden, part 4: t…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which faculty enabled the youth to comprehend the avian discourse overheard in the forest?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** faculty · **What happens:** enable, comprehend, overhear · **To what, where:** youth, avian discourse, forest

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 1680 «Household Tales, The Youth and the Witch-maiden, part 4: the birds lead him to the moonlit spring» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1680-pg640-part4/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1680-pg640-part4:e1:1
# text = Which faculty enabled the youth to comprehend the avian discourse overheard in the forest?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	faculty	faculty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	enabled	enable	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	comprehend	comprehend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	avian	avian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	discourse	discourse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	overheard	overhear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enable** | past | which faculty | the youth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **comprehend** | to-infinitive | which faculty *not said here* | the avian discourse |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer discourse=Stimulus |
| 3 | **overhear** | participle |  | the avian discourse *not said here* |  | the forest |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His understanding of the language of birds.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1680-pg640-part4:e1:o1:1
# text = His understanding of the language of birds.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	understanding	understanding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** |  | His *= he* | the language of birds |  |  |  |  | nom understanding «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His knowledge of the old forest paths.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1680-pg640-part4:e1:o2:1
# text = His knowledge of the old forest paths.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	paths	path	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His sharp understanding of the language of birds, which he had learned from his old teacher.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1680-pg640-part4:e1:o3:1
# text = His sharp understanding of the language of birds, which he had learned from his old teacher.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	understanding	understanding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obj	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	acl:relcl	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past · perfect | he | birds |  |  |  | from his old teacher | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent which=Topic from teacher=Source |
| 2 | **understand** |  | His *= he* | the language of birds |  |  |  |  | nom understanding «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His natural understanding and quiet knowledge of the language that all birds speak.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1680-pg640-part4:e1:o4:1
# text = His natural understanding and quiet knowledge of the language that all birds speak.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	understanding	understanding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obj	_	_
11	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
12	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | all birds | the language |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **understand** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom understanding «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Household Tales, The Youth and the Wit…, test 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1680-pg640-part4/t15/)
- next →: [Household Tales, The Youth and the Wit…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1680-pg640-part4/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Household Tales, The Youth and the Witch-maiden, part 4: the birds lead him to the moonlit spring](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1680-pg640-part4/)