---
title: With what formal authority did the vizir counsel the Caliph to defer… — Arabian Nights, The Story of the First… · tree and pragmatics
description: With what formal authority did the vizir counsel the Caliph to defer the summons until morning? Exam question 1 of lesson 171 «Arabian Nights, The Story of the First Calender, part 11: the Calenders reveal who they are, and the First Calender begins his tale» of the books course of Mova's primary sc
---

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# Exam question 1 · Arabian Nights, The Story of the First Calender, part 11:…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With what formal authority did the vizir counsel the Caliph to defer the summons until morning?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** defer · **To what, where:** summons

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 171 «Arabian Nights, The Story of the First Calender, part 11: the Calenders reveal who they are, and the First Calender begins his tale» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/171-pg128-part11/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:171-pg128-part11:e1:1
# text = With what formal authority did the vizir counsel the Caliph to defer the summons until morning?
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
3	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	authority	authority	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	vizir	vizir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	counsel	counsel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Caliph	Caliph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	defer	defer	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	summons	summon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
15	until	until	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **defer** | past · do-support |  | the summons |  |  | morning |  | vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent summon=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He urged the Caliph to delay.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:171-pg128-part11:e1:o1:1
# text = He urged the Caliph to delay.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	urged	urge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Caliph	Caliph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	delay	delay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **urge** | past | He | the Caliph |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent caliph=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **delay** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn delay-53.3-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He suggested the Caliph should wait a while before calling anyone.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:171-pg128-part11:e1:o2:1
# text = He suggested the Caliph should wait a while before calling anyone.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	suggested	suggest	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Caliph	Caliph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	calling	call	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
11	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **suggest** *speech: suggest* | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **wait** | should | the Caliph |  |  |  | while |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **call** | gerund | the Caliph *not said here* |  | anyone |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent anyone=Recipient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He advised that the Caliph, as sovereign, might summon the ladies at a later hour.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:171-pg128-part11:e1:o3:1
# text = He advised that the Caliph, as sovereign, might summon the ladies at a later hour.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	advised	advise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Caliph	Caliph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sovereign	sovereign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
10	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	summon	summon	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	ladies	lady	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	later	late	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	17	amod	_	_
17	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **advise** *speech: other* | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **summon** | might | the Caliph |  | the ladies |  | hour |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lady=Recipient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He said wait till morning.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:171-pg128-part11:e1:o4:1
# text = He said wait till morning.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
4	till	till	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **wait** | infinitive |  |  |  |  | morning |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Arabian Nights, The Story of the First…, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/171-pg128-part11/t12/)
- next →: [Arabian Nights, The Story of the First…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/171-pg128-part11/e2/)
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