---
title: Which statement most accurately describes the young chief's passage… — Old Indian Legends, The White Duck, pa… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which statement most accurately describes the young chief's passage across the lake, as recorded in the text? Exam question 1 of lesson 1712 «Old Indian Legends, The White Duck, part 1: the Queen is tricked into the pond and becomes a White Duck» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with th
---

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# Exam question 1 · Old Indian Legends, The White Duck, part 1: the Queen is t…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which statement most accurately describes the young chief's passage across the lake, as recorded in the text?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** statement, young chief · **What happens:** describe, record, pass · **To what, where:** passage, lake, text

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 1712 «Old Indian Legends, The White Duck, part 1: the Queen is tricked into the pond and becomes a White Duck» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1712-pg640-part36/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1712-pg640-part36:e1:1
# text = Which statement most accurately describes the young chief's passage across the lake, as recorded in the text?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	4	advmod	_	_
4	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	chief	chief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
11	across	across	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	recorded	record	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | which statement | the young chief's passage |  | the lake |  | accurately *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent passage=Theme |
| 2 | **record** | participle | which statement *not said here* |  |  | the text |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in text=Destination |
| 3 | **pass** |  | the young chief |  |  | the lake |  |  | nom passage «act intransitive»: poss=agent across=place |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He sank beneath the waves and was pulled from the water by his people on the shore

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1712-pg640-part36:e1:o1:1
# text = He sank beneath the waves and was pulled from the water by his people on the shore
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sank	sink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	pulled	pull	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:agent	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sink** | past | He |  |  |  |  | beneath the waves | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **pull** | past · passive | his people |  |  | the water |  | on the shore | vn push-12-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on shore=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was carried safely across in a stone canoe, unharmed despite terrifying waves that rose up to swallow every boat in the fleet

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1712-pg640-part36:e1:o2:1
# text = He was carried safely across in a stone canoe, unharmed despite terrifying waves that rose up to swallow every boat in the fleet
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	safely	safely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	canoe	canoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	unharmed	unharmed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
12	despite	despite	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	terrifying	terrifying	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	swallow	swallow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
20	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	21	det	_	_
21	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	fleet	fleet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past · passive | terrifying waves | He |  | a stone canoe |  | safely *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **rise up** | past | terrifying waves |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **swallow** | to-infinitive | terrifying waves *not said here* | every boat |  | the fleet |  |  | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boat=Patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was carried safely across in a stone canoe, unharmed despite terrifying waves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1712-pg640-part36:e1:o3:1
# text = He was carried safely across in a stone canoe, unharmed despite terrifying waves
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	safely	safely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	canoe	canoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	unharmed	unharmed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
12	despite	despite	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	terrifying	terrifying	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past · passive | terrifying waves | He |  | a stone canoe |  | safely *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He sailed across the lake in a bark canoe, struggling hard against the waves and wind

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1712-pg640-part36:e1:o4:1
# text = He sailed across the lake in a bark canoe, struggling hard against the waves and wind
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sailed	sail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	across	across	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	bark	bark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	canoe	canoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	struggling	struggle	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
12	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	advmod	_	_
13	against	against	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sail** | past | He |  |  | the lake |  | in a bark canoe | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent across lake=Trajectory |
| 2 | **struggle** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | against the waves and wind; hard *property* | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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