---
title: Explain why the old beggar advised the Prince to abandon his horse b… — Balkan Folk-Tales, Iwanich and Militza… · tree and pragmatics
description: Explain why the old beggar advised the Prince to abandon his horse before entering the wood. Exam question 4 of lesson 1714 «Balkan Folk-Tales, Iwanich and Militza, part 38: Militza flies off, Iwanich lies to his father, and the beasts close in» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the
---

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# Exam question 4 · Balkan Folk-Tales, Iwanich and Militza, part 38: Militza f…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Explain why the old beggar advised the Prince to abandon his horse before entering the wood.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, old beggar, Prince · **What happens:** explain, advise, abandon, enter · **To what, where:** Prince, horse, wood · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 1714 «Balkan Folk-Tales, Iwanich and Militza, part 38: Militza flies off, Iwanich lies to his father, and the beasts close in» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1714-pg640-part38/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1714-pg640-part38:e4:1
# text = Explain why the old beggar advised the Prince to abandon his horse before entering the wood.
1	Explain	explain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	beggar	beggar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	advised	advise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	abandon	abandon	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	entering	enter	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **advise** *speech: other* | past | the old beggar | the Prince |  |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S\_INF»: agent=Agent prince=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **abandon** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the Prince *not said here* | beggar's horse |  |  |  |  | vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme horse=Source |
| 4 | **enter** | gerund | the Prince *not said here* | the wood |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme wood=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horse would stumble over fallen trees

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1714-pg640-part38:e4:o1:1
# text = The horse would stumble over fallen trees
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	stumble	stumble	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	over	over	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stumble** | would | the horse | fallen trees |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location tree=Theme |
| 2 | **fall** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | over *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Horses are forbidden in the forest by the old king's law and the beggar wanted to keep the Prince safe from the guards

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1714-pg640-part38:e4:o2:1
# text = Horses are forbidden in the forest by the old king's law and the beggar wanted to keep the Prince safe from the guards
1	Horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	forbidden	forbid	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	beggar	beggar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	wanted	want	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	xcomp	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	guards	guard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forbid** | present · passive | the old king's law | Horses |  | the forest |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Theme |
| 2 | **want** | past | the beggar |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **keep** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the beggar *not said here* | the Prince |  |  |  | safe *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prince=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The forest path is far too narrow

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1714-pg640-part38:e4:o3:1
# text = The forest path is far too narrow
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
6	too	too	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the forest path |  |  |  |  | far, narrow *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horse would stumble over fallen trees and be lost among the thorny undergrowth of the wood

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1714-pg640-part38:e4:o4:1
# text = The horse would stumble over fallen trees and be lost among the thorny undergrowth of the wood
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	stumble	stumble	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	over	over	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
11	among	among	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	thorny	thorny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	undergrowth	undergrowth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stumble** | would | the horse | fallen trees |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location tree=Theme |
| 2 | **fall** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | over *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **lose** | infinitive · passive | the horse *not said here* |  |  |  |  | among the thorny undergrowth of the wood | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V» |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Balkan Folk-Tales, Iwanich and Militza…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1714-pg640-part38/e3/)
- next →: [Russian Fairy Tales, Iwanich and Milit…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1715-pg640-part39/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Balkan Folk-Tales, Iwanich and Militza, part 38: Militza flies off, Iwanich lies to his father, and the beasts close in](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1714-pg640-part38/)