---
title: Which of the following accurately describes the means by which the S… — Crimson Fairy Book, The Flying Ship, p… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following accurately describes the means by which the Simpleton obtained his flying vessel? Exam question 1 of lesson 1722 «Crimson Fairy Book, The Flying Ship, part 46: the Simpleton gathers strange companions for his ship» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the depende
---

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# Exam question 1 · Crimson Fairy Book, The Flying Ship, part 46: the Simpleto…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following accurately describes the means by which the Simpleton obtained his flying vessel?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** the, Simpleton · **What happens:** follow, describe, mean, obtain, fly · **To what, where:** flying vessel · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 1722 «Crimson Fairy Book, The Flying Ship, part 46: the Simpleton gathers strange companions for his ship» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1722-pg640-part46/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1722-pg640-part46:e1:1
# text = Which of the following accurately describes the means by which the Simpleton obtained his flying vessel?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	nsubj	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Simpleton	Simpleton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	obtained	obtain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	amod	_	_
16	vessel	vessel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **describe** | present |  |  |  |  |  | accurately *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **mean** | present | the |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **obtain** | past | the Simpleton | Simpleton's flying vessel |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vessel=Theme |
| 5 | **fly** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By bowing thrice to the first tree and striking it with his axe

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1722-pg640-part46:e1:o1:1
# text = By bowing thrice to the first tree and striking it with his axe
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	bowing	bow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	thrice	thrice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	striking	strike	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	axe	axe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bow** | gerund |  | thrice | the first tree |  |  |  | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent thrice=Topic to tree=Recipient |
| 2 | **strike** | gerund |  | thrice |  |  |  | with his axe | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent it=Patient with axe=Instrument |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By making a bargain with the old manikin, who gave him a ship after he fed him his bread and bowed to the tree

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1722-pg640-part46:e1:o2:1
# text = By making a bargain with the old manikin, who gave him a ship after he fed him his bread and bowed to the tree
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bargain	bargain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	manikin	manikin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	iobj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	fed	feed	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	bowed	bow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
23	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund |  | a bargain |  |  |  | with the old manikin | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bargain=Product |
| 2 | **give** | past | the old manikin | a ship | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient ship=Theme |
| 3 | **feed** | past | he | his bread | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient bread=Theme |
| 4 | **bow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to the tree | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to tree=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By bowing twice to the second tree and chopping it with an axe

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1722-pg640-part46:e1:o3:1
# text = By bowing twice to the second tree and chopping it with an axe
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	bowing	bow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	2	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	chopping	chop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	axe	axe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to the second tree; twice *property* | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to tree=Theme |
| 2 | **chop** | gerund |  | tree |  |  |  | with a axe | vn carve-21.2-2 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent it=Patient with axe=Instrument |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By bowing thrice to the first tree, striking it with his axe, and then receiving the ship from the spirit that appeared at his side

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1722-pg640-part46:e1:o4:1
# text = By bowing thrice to the first tree, striking it with his axe, and then receiving the ship from the spirit that appeared at his side
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	bowing	bow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	thrice	thrice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	striking	strike	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	axe	axe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
17	receiving	receive	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
23	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
24	appeared	appear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	acl:relcl	_	_
25	at	at	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bow** | gerund |  | thrice | the first tree |  |  |  | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent thrice=Topic to tree=Recipient |
| 2 | **strike** | gerund |  | thrice |  |  |  | with his axe | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent it=Patient with axe=Instrument |
| 3 | **receive** | gerund |  | the ship |  | the spirit | then |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent ship=Theme from spirit=Source |
| 4 | **appear** | past | the spirit |  |  | his side |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at side=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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