---
title: Upon what grounds did Hans refuse to proceed further toward the town… — Household Tales, Hans Who Feared Nothi… · tree and pragmatics
description: Upon what grounds did Hans refuse to proceed further toward the town on the evening in question? Exam question 1 of lesson 1800 «Household Tales, Hans Who Feared Nothing: Hans meets the dwarfs and finds the hidden treasure» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and p
---

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# Exam question 1 · Household Tales, Hans Who Feared Nothing: Hans meets the d…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Upon what grounds did Hans refuse to proceed further toward the town on the evening in question?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** grounds, Hans · **What happens:** do, refuse, not proceed

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 1800 «Household Tales, Hans Who Feared Nothing: Hans meets the dwarfs and finds the hidden treasure» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1800-pg641-part51/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1800-pg641-part51:e1:1
# text = Upon what grounds did Hans refuse to proceed further toward the town on the evening in question?
1	Upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	obl	_	_
3	grounds	grounds	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	4	nsubj	_	_
4	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	Hans	han	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	refuse	refuse	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	proceed	proceed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	further	far	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	_
10	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | grounds |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **refuse** | infinitive | Hans |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **proceed** | to-infinitive | Hans *not said here* |  |  |  | evening | toward the town; far *property* | vn begin-55.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He reasoned that his contractual obligations to the minister had been fully discharged once the evening light had faded from the sky above the wood

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1800-pg641-part51:e1:o1:1
# text = He reasoned that his contractual obligations to the minister had been fully discharged once the evening light had faded from the sky above the wood
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reasoned	reason	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	contractual	contractual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	obligations	obligation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	minister	minister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
11	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	aux:pass	_	_
12	fully	fully	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	discharged	discharge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
14	once	once	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
18	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	faded	fade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	above	above	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reason** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **discharge** | past · perfect · passive |  | his contractual obligations to the minister |  |  |  | fully *property* | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **fade** | past · perfect | the evening light |  |  | the sky above the wood |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **obligate** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  | to the minister | nom obligation «act transitive»: poss=agent to=obl |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He believed his shift ended at nightfall

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1800-pg641-part51:e1:o2:1
# text = He believed his shift ended at nightfall
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	shift	shift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	ended	end	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	nightfall	nightfall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **end** | past | his shift |  |  | nightfall |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **shift** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom shift «event transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He considered his duty concluded at sunset

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1800-pg641-part51:e1:o3:1
# text = He considered his duty concluded at sunset
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	considered	consider	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	duty	duty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	concluded	conclude	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sunset	sunset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consider** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **conclude** | past | his duty |  |  |  | sunset |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He thought the minister had no right to ask him to go on, since the horse was tired and it was growing dark

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1800-pg641-part51:e1:o4:1
# text = He thought the minister had no right to ask him to go on, since the horse was tired and it was growing dark
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	minister	minister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	ask	ask	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
13	on	on	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
18	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
19	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	advcl	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
24	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | the minister | no right |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent right=Patient |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | to-infinitive | the minister *not said here* | no right *not said here* | minister |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **go on** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | no right *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | past | the horse |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **grow** | past · progressive | horse |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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