---
title: Which of the following describes the means by which the princess ove… — Russian Fairy Tales, The Emperor's You… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following describes the means by which the princess overcame the second adversary? Exam question 1 of lesson 1806 «Russian Fairy Tales, The Emperor's Youngest Daughter, part 57: the princess beats three monsters and swaps the genius's flowers» of the books course of Mova's primary schoo
---

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# Exam question 1 · Russian Fairy Tales, The Emperor's Youngest Daughter, part…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following describes the means by which the princess overcame the second adversary?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** princess · **What happens:** follow, describe, mean, overcome · **To what, where:** second adversary · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 1806 «Russian Fairy Tales, The Emperor's Youngest Daughter, part 57: the princess beats three monsters and swaps the genius's flowers» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1806-pg641-part57/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1806-pg641-part57:e1:1
# text = Which of the following describes the means by which the princess overcame the second adversary?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	nsubj	_	_
5	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	nsubj	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	overcame	overcome	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	15	amod	_	_
15	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **describe** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **overcome** | past | the princess | the second adversary |  |  |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot adversary=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She tricked the lion with a feast

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1806-pg641-part57:e1:o1:1
# text = She tricked the lion with a feast
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tricked	trick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	feast	feast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **trick** | past | She | the lion |  |  |  | with a feast | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lion=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She recalled the wolf she had scared off and charged the lion with her sword

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1806-pg641-part57:e1:o2:1
# text = She recalled the wolf she had scared off and charged the lion with her sword
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	recalled	recall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	scared	scare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	charged	charge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recall** | past | She | the wolf |  |  |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wolf=Theme |
| 2 | **scare off** | past · perfect | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **charge** | past | She *not said here* |  | the lion |  |  | with lion's sword | vn equip-13.4.2 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent lion=Recipient with sword=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She recalled the first adversary's weakness, then spoke to the lion and charged it at dusk

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1806-pg641-part57:e1:o3:1
# text = She recalled the first adversary's weakness, then spoke to the lion and charged it at dusk
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	recalled	recall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	weakness	weakness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
10	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	charged	charge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	dusk	dusk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recall** | past | She | the first adversary's weakness |  |  |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weakness=Theme |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past |  |  |  |  | then | to the lion | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to lion=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **charge** | past | She *not said here* | weakness |  |  | dusk |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location it=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She recalled the first adversary and charged the lion

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1806-pg641-part57:e1:o4:1
# text = She recalled the first adversary and charged the lion
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	recalled	recall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	adversary	adversary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	charged	charge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recall** | past | She | the first adversary |  |  |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent adversary=Theme |
| 2 | **charge** | past | She *not said here* | the lion |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location lion=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Russian Fairy Tales, The Emperor's You…, test 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1806-pg641-part57/t13/)
- next →: [Russian Fairy Tales, The Emperor's You…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1806-pg641-part57/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Russian Fairy Tales, The Emperor's Youngest Daughter, part 57: the princess beats three monsters and swaps the genius's flowers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1806-pg641-part57/)