---
title: By what means did the protagonist effect his egress from the valley? — Arabian Nights, Sindbad the Sailor, pa… · tree and pragmatics
description: By what means did the protagonist effect his egress from the valley? Exam question 1 of lesson 183 «Arabian Nights, Sindbad the Sailor, part 23: Sindbad escapes the diamond valley on an eagle's meat and sails home with the merchants.» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency
---

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# Exam question 1 · Arabian Nights, Sindbad the Sailor, part 23: Sindbad escap…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By what means did the protagonist effect his egress from the valley?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** his · **What happens:** mean, do, egress · **To what, where:** protagonist effect, valley · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 183 «Arabian Nights, Sindbad the Sailor, part 23: Sindbad escapes the diamond valley on an eagle's meat and sails home with the merchants.» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/183-pg128-part23/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:183-pg128-part23:e1:1
# text = By what means did the protagonist effect his egress from the valley?
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	protagonist	protagonist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	egress	egress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** | past |  | the protagonist effect |  | the valley |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **egress** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom egress «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By affixing himself to flesh borne aloft by an eagle

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:183-pg128-part23:e1:o1:1
# text = By affixing himself to flesh borne aloft by an eagle
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	affixing	affix	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	flesh	flesh	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	borne	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
7	aloft	aloft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	eagle	eagle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **affix** | gerund |  | himself *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |
| 2 | **bear** | to-infinitive · passive | a eagle |  |  |  |  | aloft *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By fastening himself to a large piece of meat that an eagle carried high above the cliffs

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:183-pg128-part23:e1:o2:1
# text = By fastening himself to a large piece of meat that an eagle carried high above the cliffs
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	fastening	fasten	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	eagle	eagle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	_
14	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	13	advmod	_	_
15	above	above	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten** | gerund |  | himself *= he* |  |  |  | to a large piece of meat | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent himself=Patient to piece=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **carry** | participle · passive |  | meat |  | the cliffs |  | high *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By fastening himself to meat carried by a flying bird

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:183-pg128-part23:e1:o3:1
# text = By fastening himself to meat carried by a flying bird
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	fastening	fasten	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten** | gerund |  | himself *= he* |  |  |  | to meat | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent himself=Patient to meat=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **carry** | participle |  | meat *not said here* |  |  |  | by a flying bird | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fly** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By clinging to a bird that flew with meat tied on

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:183-pg128-part23:e1:o4:1
# text = By clinging to a bird that flew with meat tied on
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	clinging	cling	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	tied	tie	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cling** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to a bird | vn cling-22.5 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to bird=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **fly** | past | a bird |  |  |  |  | with meat | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **tie on** | participle |  | meat *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Arabian Nights, Sindbad the Sailor, pa…, test 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/183-pg128-part23/t13/)
- next →: [Arabian Nights, Sindbad the Sailor, pa…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/183-pg128-part23/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Arabian Nights, Sindbad the Sailor, part 23: Sindbad escapes the diamond valley on an eagle's meat and sails home with the merchants.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/183-pg128-part23/)