---
title: Identify the principal cause of the ship's misfortune on the sixth v… — Arabian Nights, Sindbad the Sailor, pa… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal cause of the ship's misfortune on the sixth voyage, as stated in the narrative. Exam question 2 of lesson 188 «Arabian Nights, Sindbad the Sailor, part 28: Sindbad outwits the Old Man, grows rich, then is stranded on a cliff island» of the books course of Mova's primary school
---

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# Exam question 2 · Arabian Nights, Sindbad the Sailor, part 28: Sindbad outwi…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal cause of the ship's misfortune on the sixth voyage, as stated in the narrative.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, state, cause · **To what, where:** principal cause, sixth voyage, narrative, misfortune

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 188 «Arabian Nights, Sindbad the Sailor, part 28: Sindbad outwits the Old Man, grows rich, then is stranded on a cliff island» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/188-pg128-part28/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:188-pg128-part28:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal cause of the ship's misfortune on the sixth voyage, as stated in the narrative.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	sixth	sixth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	voyage	voyage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	stated	state	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	narrative	narrative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal cause of the ship's misfortune |  | the sixth voyage |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent cause=Theme |
| 2 | **state** *speech: other* | participle | you *not said here* |  |  | the narrative |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **cause** |  |  | the ship's misfortune |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A violent storm combined with a powerful current that drove the vessel off course onto a rocky shore

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:188-pg128-part28:e2:o1:1
# text = A violent storm combined with a powerful current that drove the vessel off course onto a rocky shore
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	violent	violent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	combined	combine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	powerful	powerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	current	current	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	vessel	vessel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	off	off	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	rocky	rocky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **combine** | participle |  | a violent storm *not said here* |  |  |  | with a powerful current | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with current=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **drive** | past | a powerful current | the vessel |  | a rocky shore |  | off course | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent vessel=Theme off course=Destination onto shore=Initial\_Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dense fog and a hidden reef near the shore

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:188-pg128-part28:e2:o2:1
# text = A dense fog and a hidden reef near the shore
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dense	dense	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	fog	fog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	hidden	hidden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	reef	reef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	near	near	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A strong wind that pushed the vessel onto the rocks

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:188-pg128-part28:e2:o3:1
# text = A strong wind that pushed the vessel onto the rocks
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	pushed	push	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	vessel	vessel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	rocks	rock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | past | a strong wind | the vessel |  | the rocks |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent vessel=Theme onto rock=Destination |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sudden storm that wrecked the mast and swept the crew overboard onto a distant sandy island

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:188-pg128-part28:e2:o4:1
# text = A sudden storm that wrecked the mast and swept the crew overboard onto a distant sandy island
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	wrecked	wreck	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mast	mast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	swept	sweep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	crew	crew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	overboard	overboard	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
13	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	sandy	sandy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wreck** | past | a sudden storm | the mast |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mast=Patient |
| 2 | **sweep** | past | a sudden storm *not said here* | the crew |  | a distant sandy island |  | overboard *property* | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent crew=Theme onto island=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Arabian Nights, Sindbad the Sailor, pa…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/188-pg128-part28/e1/)
- next →: [Arabian Nights, Sindbad the Sailor, pa…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/188-pg128-part28/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Arabian Nights, Sindbad the Sailor, part 28: Sindbad outwits the Old Man, grows rich, then is stranded on a cliff island](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/188-pg128-part28/)