---
title: Which action of the Princess directly caused the sheep to damage the… — Fairy Tales, Princess Rosette, part 56… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which action of the Princess directly caused the sheep to damage the fields? Exam question 1 of lesson 1919 «Fairy Tales, Princess Rosette, part 56: the Princess runs off in the King's boat and meets the stately lady of the birds» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tre
---

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# Exam question 1 · Fairy Tales, Princess Rosette, part 56: the Princess runs…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which action of the Princess directly caused the sheep to damage the fields?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** action, sheep, Princess · **What happens:** cause, damage, act · **To what, where:** sheep, fields

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 1919 «Fairy Tales, Princess Rosette, part 56: the Princess runs off in the King's boat and meets the stately lady of the birds» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1919-pg7277-part56/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1919-pg7277-part56:e1:1
# text = Which action of the Princess directly caused the sheep to damage the fields?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Princess	Princess	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	directly	directly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	damage	damage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | which action of the Princess | the sheep |  |  |  | directly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **damage** | to-infinitive | the sheep *not said here* | the fields |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent field=Patient |
| 3 | **act** |  | the Princess |  |  |  |  |  | nom action «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She fell asleep on the bank, leaving the flock unattended

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1919-pg7277-part56:e1:o1:1
# text = She fell asleep on the bank, leaving the flock unattended
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	flock	flock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	unattended	unattended	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | She |  |  | the bank |  | asleep *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on bank=Location |
| 2 | **leave** | gerund | She *not said here* | the flock |  |  |  | unattended *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flock=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She went to the market and forgot the sheep

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1919-pg7277-part56:e1:o2:1
# text = She went to the market and forgot the sheep
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	forgot	forget	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | She |  |  | the market |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to market=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **forget** | past | She *not said here* | the sheep |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She fell asleep on the shady bank with the hemp under her head, leaving the whole flock wandering unattended into the fields

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1919-pg7277-part56:e1:o3:1
# text = She fell asleep on the shady bank with the hemp under her head, leaving the whole flock wandering unattended into the fields
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	shady	shady	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	hemp	hemp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
11	under	under	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	flock	flock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
19	wandering	wonder	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	acl	_	_
20	unattended	unattend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	xcomp	_	_
21	into	into	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | past | She |  |  | the shady bank |  | with the hemp; under her head; asleep *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on bank=Location |
| 2 | **leave** | gerund | She *not said here* | the whole flock |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flock=Theme |
| 3 | **wonder** *speech: ask* | gerund | the whole flock *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **unattend** | participle | the whole flock *not said here* |  |  | the fields |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She threw her distaff into the river and let the flock wander into the crop fields while she stayed on the bank

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1919-pg7277-part56:e1:o4:1
# text = She threw her distaff into the river and let the flock wander into the crop fields while she stayed on the bank
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	distaff	distaff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	flock	flock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	wander	wander	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	crop	crop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
17	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
20	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | past | She | her distaff |  |  |  | into the river *result* | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer distaff=Theme into river=Result |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive | She *not said here* | the flock |  | the crop fields |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flock=Theme |
| 3 | **wander** | present | the flock *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **stay** | past | she |  |  | the bank |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on bank=Location |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Fairy Tales, Princess Rosette, part 56…, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1919-pg7277-part56/t12/)
- next →: [Fairy Tales, Princess Rosette, part 56…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1919-pg7277-part56/e2/)
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