---
title: Which narrative device does the author employ to signal the moral ju… — English Fairy Tales, Jack Hannaford, p… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which narrative device does the author employ to signal the moral judgement of the tale? Exam question 3 of lesson 1948 «English Fairy Tales, Jack Hannaford, part: a soldier tricks a foolish farmer's wife out of ten gold pounds, then the farmer out of his horse» of the books course of Mova's primary
---

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# Exam question 3 · English Fairy Tales, Jack Hannaford, part: a soldier trick…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which narrative device does the author employ to signal the moral judgement of the tale?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** narrative device · **What happens:** employ, signal · **To what, where:** moral judgement

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 1948 «English Fairy Tales, Jack Hannaford, part: a soldier tricks a foolish farmer's wife out of ten gold pounds, then the farmer out of his horse» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/1948-pg7439-part7/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1948-pg7439-part7:e3:1
# text = Which narrative device does the author employ to signal the moral judgement of the tale?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	narrative	narrative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	device	device	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	author	author	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	employ	employ	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	signal	signal	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	moral	moral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	judgement	judgement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **employ** | present · do-support | narrative device |  |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **signal** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | narrative device *not said here* | the moral judgement of the tale |  |  |  |  | vn instr\_communication-37.4.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent judgement=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wife's closing comparison of the farmer's foolishness with her own.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1948-pg7439-part7:e3:o1:1
# text = The wife's closing comparison of the farmer's foolishness with her own.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	closing	close	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	comparison	comparison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	foolishness	foolishness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **compare** |  | the wife | the farmer's foolishness with farmer's own |  |  |  |  | nom comparison «act transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The soldier's final boast about his cleverness.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1948-pg7439-part7:e3:o2:1
# text = The soldier's final boast about his cleverness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	final	final	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	boast	boast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	cleverness	cleverness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **boast** |  | the soldier |  |  |  |  | about his cleverness | nom boast «communication intransitive»: poss=agent about=obl |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wife's comparison of the farmer with herself.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1948-pg7439-part7:e3:o3:1
# text = The wife's comparison of the farmer with herself.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	comparison	comparison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compare** |  | the wife | the farmer with farmer |  |  |  |  | nom comparison «act transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wife's closing comparison of the farmer's foolishness with her own, which tells the reader who is the bigger fool.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:1948-pg7439-part7:e3:o4:1
# text = The wife's closing comparison of the farmer's foolishness with her own, which tells the reader who is the bigger fool.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	closing	close	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	comparison	comparison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	foolishness	foolishness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	reader	reader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	iobj	_	_
19	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	23	amod	_	_
23	fool	fool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the wife's closing comparison of the farmer's foolishness with comparison's own |  | the reader |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent reader=Recipient |
| 3 | **is a** | present | the reader | the bigger fool |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **compare** |  | the wife | the farmer's foolishness with comparison's own |  |  |  |  | nom comparison «act transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [English Fairy Tales, Jack Hannaford, p…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/1948-pg7439-part7/e2/)
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