---
title: With reference to the passage, which action immediately precedes the… — Tanglewood Tales, The Pygmies, part 10… · tree and pragmatics
description: With reference to the passage, which action immediately precedes the Pygmy's warning to Antaeus? Exam question 1 of lesson 2051 «Tanglewood Tales, The Pygmies, part 10: a Pygmy spots a huge stranger coming and wakes the sleeping giant» of the books course of Mova's primary school, with the dependenc
---

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# Exam question 1 · Tanglewood Tales, The Pygmies, part 10: a Pygmy spots a hu…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With reference to the passage, which action immediately precedes the Pygmy's warning to Antaeus?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Pygmy · **What happens:** precede, warn · **To what, where:** warning

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 2051 «Tanglewood Tales, The Pygmies, part 10: a Pygmy spots a huge stranger coming and wakes the sleeping giant» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/2051-pg976-part10/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:2051-pg976-part10:e1:1
# text = With reference to the passage, which action immediately precedes the Pygmy's warning to Antaeus?
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	reference	reference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	8	det	_	_
8	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	immediately	immediately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	precedes	precede	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Pygmy	Pygmy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Antaeus	Antaeus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **precede** | present |  | the Pygmy's warning |  |  |  | with reference to the passage and which action; to Antaeus | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme warning=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **warn** |  | the Pygmy |  |  |  |  | to Antaeus | nom warning «communication transitive»: poss=agent to=obl |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Pygmy departs in haste towards the distant kingdom

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:2051-pg976-part10:e1:o1:1
# text = The Pygmy departs in haste towards the distant kingdom
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Pygmy	Pygmy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	departs	depart	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	haste	haste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	distant	distant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depart** | present | the Pygmy |  |  | haste |  | towards the distant kingdom | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme towards kingdom=Initial\_Location |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Pygmy observes the approaching figure from the giant's shoulder

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:2051-pg976-part10:e1:o2:1
# text = The Pygmy observes the approaching figure from the giant's shoulder
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Pygmy	Pygmy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	observes	observe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	approaching	approach	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	figure	figure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **observe** | present | the Pygmy | the approaching figure |  | the giant's shoulder |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent figure=Topic |
| 2 | **approach** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Pygmy engages the cranes in combat upon the field

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:2051-pg976-part10:e1:o3:1
# text = The Pygmy engages the cranes in combat upon the field
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Pygmy	Pygmy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	engages	engage	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cranes	crane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	combat	combat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **engage** | present | the Pygmy | the cranes |  |  |  | in combat *goal*; upon the field | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent crane=Theme in combat=Goal |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Pygmy presents the giant with a pine-tree walking stick

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:2051-pg976-part10:e1:o4:1
# text = The Pygmy presents the giant with a pine-tree walking stick
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Pygmy	Pygmy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	presents	present	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
8	pine	pine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	walking	walking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **present** | present | the Pygmy | the giant |  |  |  | with a walking stick | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: agent=Agent giant=Recipient with stick=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Tanglewood Tales, The Pygmies, part 10…, test 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/2051-pg976-part10/t13/)
- next →: [Tanglewood Tales, The Pygmies, part 10…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/books/2051-pg976-part10/e2/)
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