---
title: Which element of the text most clearly establishes the reason for Ph… — Wonder-Book, The Pomegranate Seeds, pa… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which element of the text most clearly establishes the reason for Phoebus's refusal to accompany Ceres to the kingdom of Pluto? Exam question 1 of lesson 2073 «Wonder-Book, The Pomegranate Seeds, part 32: Ceres becomes the prince's nurse and secretly watches him by firelight» of the books course of 
---

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# Exam question 1 · Wonder-Book, The Pomegranate Seeds, part 32: Ceres becomes…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which element of the text most clearly establishes the reason for Phoebus's refusal to accompany Ceres to the kingdom of Pluto?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** element, refusal, Phoebus · **What happens:** establish, accompany, refuse · **To what, where:** reason, Ceres, kingdom

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 2073 «Wonder-Book, The Pomegranate Seeds, part 32: Ceres becomes the prince's nurse and secretly watches him by firelight» of the books course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/books/2073-pg976-part32/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:2073-pg976-part32:e1:1
# text = Which element of the text most clearly establishes the reason for Phoebus's refusal to accompany Ceres to the kingdom of Pluto?
1	Which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	2	det	_	_
2	element	element	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	text	text	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	establishes	establish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
12	Phoebus	Phoebus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	refusal	refusal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	accompany	accompany	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl	_	_
17	Ceres	Ceres	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Pluto	Pluto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **establish** | present | which element of the text | the reason |  |  |  | clearly *property* | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Patient |
| 2 | **accompany** | to-infinitive | Phoebus's refusal | Ceres |  | the kingdom of Pluto |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ceres=Theme to kingdom=Destination |
| 3 | **refuse** |  | Phoebus |  |  |  |  |  | nom refusal «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His stated inability to pass the gateway, since sunbeams are forbidden in that kingdom and he must guard the sky for all the other gods

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:2073-pg976-part32:e1:o1:1
# text = His stated inability to pass the gateway, since sunbeams are forbidden in that kingdom and he must guard the sky for all the other gods
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	stated	state	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	inability	inability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	gateway	gateway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	sunbeams	sunbeam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	forbidden	forbid	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	guard	guard	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
23	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	26	det:predet	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | His stated inability | the gateway |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme gateway=Trajectory |
| 3 | **forbid** | present · passive |  | sunbeams |  | that kingdom |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **guard** | must | inability | the sky |  |  |  | for all other gods | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sky=Beneficiary |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His stated inability to pass the gateway, since sunbeams are forbidden in that kingdom

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:2073-pg976-part32:e1:o2:1
# text = His stated inability to pass the gateway, since sunbeams are forbidden in that kingdom
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	stated	state	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	inability	inability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	gateway	gateway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	sunbeams	sunbeam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	forbidden	forbid	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | His stated inability | the gateway |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme gateway=Trajectory |
| 3 | **forbid** | present · passive |  | sunbeams |  | that kingdom |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His stated inability to pass the gateway, since the sunbeams are forbidden in that kingdom, which Ceres herself had already admitted to the queen earlier in the palace

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:2073-pg976-part32:e1:o3:1
# text = His stated inability to pass the gateway, since the sunbeams are forbidden in that kingdom, which Ceres herself had already admitted to the queen earlier in the palace
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	stated	state	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	inability	inability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	gateway	gateway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sunbeams	sunbeam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	forbidden	forbid	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
16	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	obj	_	_
19	Ceres	Ceres	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	19	appos	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
22	already	already	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	admitted	admit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl:relcl	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	earlier	early	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	13	advmod	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | His stated inability | the gateway |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme gateway=Trajectory |
| 3 | **forbid** | present · passive |  | the sunbeams |  | that kingdom |  | in the palace; early *property* | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **admit** *speech: other* | past · perfect · passive |  | Ceres |  |  |  | to the queen | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme which=Location |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His stated refusal to ride with Ceres, since sunbeams are feared in that kingdom

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:books:2073-pg976-part32:e1:o4:1
# text = His stated refusal to ride with Ceres, since sunbeams are feared in that kingdom
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	stated	state	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	refusal	refusal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	ride	ride	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Ceres	Ceres	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	sunbeams	sunbeam	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	feared	fear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	15	det	_	_
15	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **ride** | to-infinitive |  | His stated refusal *not said here* |  |  |  | with Ceres | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fear** | present · passive |  | His stated refusal |  | that kingdom |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 4 | **refuse** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom refusal «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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